When a new lump appears on the body, it is natural to wonder about its nature. Understanding the general characteristics of various lumps, including their texture and whether they move, can provide helpful context. This information is not a substitute for professional medical advice, and any concerning lump should always be evaluated by a healthcare provider.
Lymph Nodes and Lymphoma Lumps
Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped structures that are part of the body’s lymphatic system, a vital component of the immune system. They act as filters, trapping harmful substances like bacteria, viruses, and abnormal cells, including cancer cells. Lymph nodes are found throughout the body, with common clusters located in areas such as the neck, armpits, and groin.
Lymphoma is a type of cancer that originates in these lymph nodes. It develops when specific white blood cells, called lymphocytes, undergo abnormal changes and begin to grow uncontrollably. When these cancerous lymphocytes accumulate within a lymph node, they cause it to swell, forming what is commonly referred to as a lymphoma lump.
Characteristics of Lymphoma Lumps
Lymphoma lumps often have distinct physical characteristics. They typically feel rubbery and firm to the touch. While some can be movable under the skin, they are frequently described as less movable or even fixed to surrounding tissue, unlike many benign lumps.
The size of lymphoma lumps can range significantly. Enlarged lymph nodes are considered to be over 1.5 cm in diameter, though malignant nodes are often 25 mm or larger. Lymphoma lumps are typically round or oval in shape. While usually painless, pain can occur if the swollen nodes press on nearby tissues or nerves.
Comparing Lumps
Distinguishing lymphoma lumps from other common types of lumps can be challenging, as many benign conditions also cause lumps. Swollen lymph nodes due to infections, for example, are a common occurrence and are usually tender or painful to the touch. These infectious lumps are generally movable and tend to resolve as the infection clears.
Cysts are another common type of lump; they are sacs filled with fluid, air, or other material. Cysts typically feel smooth and movable under the skin. While often painless, they can become tender or painful if they rupture, become infected, or inflamed.
Lipomas are benign growths made of fatty tissue that feel soft and doughy to the touch. They are highly movable under the skin and usually do not cause pain unless they press on nerves. Lipomas are typically less than 1 to 2 inches (3 to 5 centimeters) in diameter.
When to Seek Medical Advice
Any new, unexplained, or persistent lump should be evaluated by a healthcare professional. It is particularly important to seek medical advice if a lump is growing, feels firm or hard, or is fixed in place and does not move. Painless lumps are also a specific concern that warrant medical attention.
Additional signs that indicate a need for prompt medical evaluation include a lump that persists for more than two weeks, or one accompanied by systemic symptoms. These systemic symptoms can include unexplained weight loss, persistent fever, drenching night sweats, or significant fatigue. Only a medical professional can provide an accurate diagnosis for any lump.