Tonsils are specialized tissues within the body’s immune system, strategically located in the throat and nasal cavity to defend against pathogens. A tonsillectomy is a common surgical procedure often performed to address recurring infections or breathing difficulties. A question that frequently arises is whether lingual tonsils, located at the base of the tongue, are removed during a standard tonsillectomy. This article clarifies the typical scope of a tonsillectomy and when lingual tonsils might require medical attention.
Understanding the Tonsil Family
Tonsils are lymphoid tissues that serve as an initial line of defense against bacteria and viruses entering through the mouth and nose. These tissues contain immune cells that fight off infections. There are several types of tonsils, each situated in a distinct area of the upper respiratory tract.
The most well-known are the palatine tonsils, visible as two oval-shaped pads at the back of the throat. Higher up, behind the nose, are the pharyngeal tonsils, often called adenoids, which can only be seen with specialized instruments. The lingual tonsils are at the very back of the tongue, forming an irregular, bumpy surface, and are not visible during a routine oral examination.
The Scope of a Standard Tonsillectomy
A standard tonsillectomy involves the surgical removal of the palatine tonsils. Lingual tonsils are not removed during a standard tonsillectomy.
Common reasons for a palatine tonsillectomy include recurrent bacterial infections like strep throat, chronic tonsillitis, or enlargement leading to sleep-disordered breathing like obstructive sleep apnea. The surgery involves dissecting the palatine tonsils from their surrounding tissue. The procedure aims to alleviate these specific problems.
When Lingual Tonsils are Addressed
Intervention for lingual tonsils is a distinct and less common procedure. Lingual tonsils may require medical attention if they become enlarged, a condition known as lingual tonsil hypertrophy, or infected. Symptoms include a persistent sore throat, a sensation of a lump in the throat, difficulty swallowing, chronic cough, voice changes, or obstructive sleep apnea.
When surgical treatment is necessary for lingual tonsils, it is performed as a specialized procedure called a lingual tonsillectomy or reduction. This procedure often uses specialized techniques, such as radiofrequency energy or robotic assistance, to reduce tissue size. Diagnosis of lingual tonsil issues often involves an endoscopy, allowing a direct view of the base of the tongue. Treatment options range from observation and medication to surgical reduction or removal, depending on severity and cause of symptoms.