Kissing bugs, also known as triatomine bugs, are present in Florida. They are present in at least 22 counties and becoming more common. While primarily inhabiting rural, outdoor areas, these bugs can sometimes enter homes. Their significance lies in transmitting the parasite causing Chagas disease, making awareness and identification important.
Identifying Kissing Bugs
Kissing bugs have distinct physical characteristics. They are typically 0.75 to 1 inch long with an elongated body. Coloration is generally dark brown or black, often with orange or red markings along the abdomen. A cone-shaped head and slender, needle-like proboscis are used for feeding.
Distinguishing them from similar insects in Florida is important. Many insects, such as assassin, wheel, or boxelder bugs, are often mistaken for them. Unlike kissing bugs, most assassin bugs are beneficial predators, feeding on other insects and not typically biting humans for blood. A key difference is the proboscis: kissing bugs have a thin, straight one for blood-feeding, while assassin bugs often have a stouter, curved one for preying.
Behavior also aids identification. Nocturnal, they hide in cracks and crevices during the day, emerging at night to feed. Their flattened body allows concealment in narrow home spaces, like behind beds or furniture. An insect found at night exhibiting these characteristics warrants closer inspection and caution.
The Chagas Connection
Kissing bugs primarily transmit Chagas disease, caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Infection occurs by feeding on infected animals or people. Transmission to humans is not direct through the bite, but via the bug’s feces. An infected bug typically defecates near the bite site; parasites enter the body if feces are accidentally rubbed into a bite wound, eyes, or mouth.
Chagas disease has two main phases: acute and chronic. The acute phase lasts weeks or months, often with mild or no symptoms. Symptoms, when present, include fever, fatigue, body aches, rash, or swelling at the infection site. Romana’s sign, swelling around one eye, is a notable sign in some cases.
After the acute phase, many infected individuals enter a chronic phase lasting years or decades without outward symptoms. However, 20-30% of infected individuals may eventually develop serious health complications. Complications often involve the heart, potentially leading to enlarged heart, heart failure, or irregular rhythms. Digestive issues, like an enlarged esophagus or colon, may also occur, causing swallowing or bowel movement difficulties. Not all kissing bugs carry the Trypanosoma cruzi parasite; Florida studies show about 30% of tested bugs are infected.
Protecting Your Home and Family
Reducing the risk of encountering kissing bugs involves proactive steps. Seal cracks and crevices around windows, doors, and foundations to prevent entry. Ensure screens on windows and doors are intact and properly fitted to block access. Remove potential outdoor hiding spots like woodpiles, rock piles, and brush closer to the house to deter bugs from settling nearby.
Use yellow or “bug” lights outdoors instead of traditional white lights; these bugs are attracted to certain wavelengths. Regularly inspect pets, especially those spending time outdoors, to identify any hitchhiking bugs. If a suspected kissing bug is found, avoid direct contact or squashing it, which could spread infected feces.
Instead, carefully capture the bug by placing a container over it and sliding paper underneath. Kill the captured bug by placing rubbing alcohol or freezing it in the sealed container. For proper identification and testing, contact local health authorities or university entomology departments, such as the University of Florida, who may accept specimens. If a bite is suspected and symptoms develop, seek prompt medical attention.