Insects often spark public concern, especially when their presence might impact human health. The “kissing bug” has garnered attention due to its unique feeding habits and potential health implications. Understanding accurate information about these insects, including their appearance, behavior, and risks, is important.
Presence in Ohio
The kissing bug (Triatoma sanguisuga), also known as the eastern bloodsucking conenose, has a documented presence in Ohio. While not widespread, it is primarily found in southern Ohio counties. Records indicate this species has been present since at least the 1960s, suggesting it is endemic. Encounters with this insect in Ohio are rare, as it typically inhabits outdoor environments like forests, often near animal nests.
Identifying Kissing Bugs
Identifying a true kissing bug requires attention to specific physical characteristics. Adult kissing bugs typically measure between 1/2 to 1.75 inches in length. Their bodies are usually dark brown or black, featuring a distinctive band around the edge that is striped with red, orange, or yellow markings. They possess a cone-shaped head, thin antennae, and slender legs that lack noticeable bulges.
The name “kissing bug” originates from their tendency to bite humans on the face, often near the mouth, while sleeping. Their bites are usually painless, preventing the host from waking.
It is important to distinguish them from look-alike insects such as wheel bugs (larger, dull gray, cog-like crest) or boxelder bugs (red stripes along wings). Unlike kissing bugs, these look-alikes do not transmit the parasite associated with Chagas disease.
Health Concerns
The primary health concern associated with kissing bugs is their ability to transmit Trypanosoma cruzi, the parasite causing Chagas disease. Transmission occurs through the bug’s feces, not directly from the bite. After feeding, the bug often defecates near the bite wound. If these feces enter the body, such as by rubbing or scratching the bite, infection can occur. Not all kissing bugs carry the parasite, and not every bite from an infected bug leads to human infection.
Chagas disease progresses through two main phases: acute and chronic. The acute phase, occurring shortly after infection, often presents with mild or no symptoms. Some individuals may experience fever, fatigue, headaches, swollen lymph nodes, or localized swelling at the bite site.
If left untreated, the disease can enter a chronic phase years or even decades later. In this chronic stage, severe complications can develop, primarily affecting the heart, leading to conditions like an enlarged heart, irregular heart rhythms, or heart failure. Digestive issues, such as an enlarged esophagus or colon, can also manifest.
Actions to Take
If a suspected kissing bug is found, handle it carefully without direct skin contact. Use gloves or a plastic bag to safely collect the bug, placing it in a sealed container such as a plastic bag or a small vial. The bug can then be killed by freezing it for several hours to preserve it for identification and testing. Avoid crushing the bug, as this could potentially release infected feces.
After securing the bug, contacting a local health department or university extension office, such as those associated with Ohio State University, is advisable for proper identification and guidance. To minimize the risk of these insects entering homes, preventive measures include sealing cracks and gaps in foundations, walls, and around utility lines. Repairing damaged window and door screens is also important. Additionally, keeping outdoor animal nests, woodpiles, and rock piles away from the house can reduce attractive habitats for kissing bugs. Turning off unnecessary outdoor lights at night can also help, as these bugs may be attracted to them.