Javelina, also known as collared peccaries, are medium-sized hoofed mammals found across the southwestern United States, Mexico, and into Central and South America. Despite their pig-like appearance, they belong to the peccary family (Tayassuidae), distinct from Old World pigs. These animals are common in many desert and semi-urban areas, often living in herds of a few to over 20 individuals.
Understanding Javelina Behavior
Javelina are shy animals that avoid human contact. When startled, they often scatter and flee. However, they can exhibit defensive behavior under specific circumstances, leading to aggression. This includes feeling cornered, protecting their young (“squealers”), or perceiving a threat from domestic dogs.
With poor eyesight, javelina rely on their acute sense of smell and hearing to navigate and detect danger. Their limited vision can make an escape attempt appear like a charge, as they may not see a person in their path. When threatened, javelina display warning signs like teeth clacking, barking, or growling. Ignoring these warnings can result in serious bites from their sharp canine teeth. Attacks on humans are rare, almost always occurring when people feed them, causing them to lose their natural fear.
Minimizing Risks and Safe Encounters
Preventing javelina encounters involves removing attractants from homes and properties. Secure trash cans with locking lids and ensure outdoor pet food is inaccessible, as javelina are opportunistic foragers. Picking up fallen fruit and avoiding leaving birdseed on the ground also reduces food sources that attract javelina to residential areas. A solid 4-foot wall or chain-link fence can also keep javelina out of yards.
If an encounter occurs, maintain a safe distance. Loud noises, such as yelling, clapping, or banging objects, often scare javelina away. Throwing small objects or spraying them with a garden hose can also encourage them to leave. Never feed javelina; this habituates them to humans, making them bolder and potentially leading to aggressive behaviors that can result in the animal’s removal or death.
Pet owners should keep dogs on leashes in javelina areas, as javelina often view dogs as predators and may attack to defend themselves or their herd. Teach children to observe wildlife from a distance and never approach javelina or any other wild animal. If a javelina acts aggressively or appears sick, contact local wildlife authorities.