The common jade plant, known scientifically as Crassula ovata, is a popular succulent admired for its thick, glossy leaves and tree-like appearance. Despite its widespread presence in homes and gardens, a frequent question arises regarding its edibility. The common jade plant is not suitable for consumption by humans or pets and is considered toxic.
Toxicity of Common Jade Plant
The common jade plant contains compounds that can be harmful if ingested. All parts of the plant, including its leaves, stems, and sap, are considered toxic. The level of toxicity is generally mild for humans but can be more pronounced in household pets.
Symptoms of Ingestion
Ingesting parts of the common jade plant can lead to various symptoms in both humans and animals. For humans, symptoms typically involve mild gastrointestinal upset such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or stomach cramps. Skin contact with the sap can also cause irritation, presenting as redness, itching, or a burning sensation. In rare instances, more severe reactions like swelling of the mouth, throat, or tongue, and breathing problems have been reported.
Pets, including dogs, cats, and horses, are more susceptible to the plant’s harmful effects. They may exhibit vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, depression, loss of appetite, or abdominal pain. Additionally, pets might display incoordination, a stumbling gait, or even a slow heart rate. While these signs are often mild and may resolve on their own, seeking veterinary attention is advisable if ingestion is suspected or symptoms persist.
Safety Precautions
Given the jade plant’s toxicity, it is important to take precautions to prevent accidental exposure. Houseplants should be positioned out of reach of children and pets. When handling the plant, wearing gloves is recommended to avoid skin contact with the sap. Care should also be taken to prevent sap from coming into contact with eyes or mouth.
Distinguishing Between Jade Plants
A significant source of confusion arises because another plant, Portulacaria afra, is also sometimes referred to as a “jade plant” or “dwarf jade,” but it is entirely edible. Distinguishing between Crassula ovata and Portulacaria afra is important. Crassula ovata has thicker, fleshier, oval to spoon-shaped leaves that grow in opposing pairs along its branches. Its stems are woodier and brown as they mature, giving the plant an upright, tree-like growth habit. Younger stems are green or yellowish.
In contrast, Portulacaria afra, commonly known as Elephant Bush or Spekboom, features smaller, thinner, rounded to oval leaves. These leaves are almost directly attached to reddish stems, a distinguishing characteristic, especially on younger growth. Unlike the common jade plant, Portulacaria afra has a trailing or sprawling growth habit, with more flexible and less brittle stems.
The Edible Elephant Bush
Portulacaria afra, known as Elephant Bush or Spekboom, is edible. Its foliage can be consumed raw, often added to salads for a tart, zesty, or lemon-like flavor. It is also incorporated into cooked dishes like soups and stews. This succulent is rich in Vitamin C.
Beyond its culinary uses, Portulacaria afra has traditional applications, including being chewed to quench thirst or to alleviate sore throats and mouth infections. Juiced leaves have been used as an antiseptic and to soothe skin irritations such as rashes or sunburn. This plant is also valued for its ecological benefits, absorbing significant amounts of carbon dioxide.