Infrared thermometers offer a convenient way to measure temperature without physical contact. These devices are common in various settings, from homes to healthcare facilities. This article clarifies the safety of infrared thermometers for general public use.
Understanding How They Measure Temperature
Infrared thermometers function by detecting the natural thermal energy emitted by all objects, including the human body. This energy, known as infrared radiation, is a form of electromagnetic radiation invisible to the human eye. The device contains a lens that focuses this infrared light onto a detector, which converts the energy into an electrical signal. This signal is processed and displayed as a temperature reading.
These thermometers are passive devices because they do not emit any energy or radiation themselves. They simply “listen” for the infrared energy naturally radiating from the target. This design means the device does not project anything harmful towards the person or object being measured.
Debunking Common Safety Worries
One common concern revolves around the term “radiation.” Infrared radiation is a non-ionizing form of radiation, differing from harmful ionizing radiation like X-rays or gamma rays. Non-ionizing radiation does not possess enough energy to damage DNA or cells. The heat you feel from the sun or a warm object is also a form of infrared radiation.
Many infrared thermometers incorporate a low-power laser pointer, typically a Class 1 or Class 2 laser, for aiming purposes. Class 1 lasers are considered safe under all conditions of normal use, while Class 2 lasers are safe for accidental viewing due to the eye’s natural blink reflex. While these lasers are generally low power and designed for safety, direct and prolonged exposure to the eyes should still be avoided.
Guidelines for Safe Operation
Always consult the manufacturer’s instructions for safe and effective use. These instructions offer detailed guidance on proper operation, maintenance, and any unique safety considerations for that model. Adhering to these guidelines helps ensure accurate readings and extends the lifespan of the device.
When using an infrared thermometer that includes an aiming laser, avoid pointing the laser directly into the eyes of people or pets. Proper cleaning and storage also contribute to the device’s safety and functionality. Use the recommended cleaning solutions and store the thermometer in a dry, safe place away from extreme temperatures.
Use the thermometer for its intended purpose. Medical-grade infrared thermometers are calibrated for measuring body temperature and meet accuracy requirements. Industrial or household infrared thermometers measure object surface temperatures and may not provide accurate human body temperature readings.
Ensuring Device Safety Through Regulation
The safety of infrared thermometers, particularly those intended for medical use, is subject to regulatory oversight. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates medical devices, including clinical thermometers. The FDA establishes standards for device safety, effectiveness, and manufacturing quality to protect public health. This includes reviewing data from clinical studies and performance tests before a medical device can be marketed.
In Europe, medical devices must meet CE marking requirements, which indicates compliance with European health, safety, and environmental protection standards. These regulatory bodies ensure that devices undergo thorough testing and approval processes. Such oversight provides assurance regarding the safety and reliable performance of these devices when used as intended.