Hydrangeas are a beloved feature in gardens across the world, prized for their large, colorful, globe-like blooms. Their widespread presence makes them a common sight in yards and public spaces. While beautiful, these plants pose a toxicity risk to babies and small children. Ingesting any part of the hydrangea plant can lead to adverse health effects, making proactive safety measures necessary for any household with infants.
The Science of Hydrangea Toxicity
The mechanism behind the toxicity of the hydrangea plant involves naturally occurring defense compounds known as cyanogenic glycosides, specifically including compounds like amygdalin. These compounds are generally harmless while intact within the plant’s structure. When a child chews or ingests the plant, the cyanogenic glycosides are metabolized, which then releases hydrogen cyanide.
Cyanide is a potent cellular toxin that interferes with the body’s ability to utilize oxygen in its tissues. While all parts of the shrub are considered toxic, the highest concentrations are typically found in the leaves and the flower buds. Ingestion of a small amount usually results in only mild symptoms, and severe, life-threatening poisoning is extremely rare.
Recognizing Symptoms of Exposure in Infants
The most common signs of hydrangea ingestion in infants and toddlers primarily involve the gastrointestinal system. Symptoms often include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, which may begin within 15 to 60 minutes after the child has eaten the plant material. Abdominal pain, which a child may express through crying or fussiness, is also a frequent initial symptom. As the body attempts to process the plant material, a child may also exhibit signs of lethargy, weakness, or increased sweating. In the rare instances where a large amount of the plant has been consumed, symptoms can progress to more serious indications of systemic poisoning.
These severe signs may include difficulty breathing, a drop in blood pressure, or central nervous system complications such as seizures or coma. Mild gastrointestinal upset is the most likely outcome for small, exploratory bites.
Emergency Response and Prevention
If you suspect your baby or toddler has ingested any part of a hydrangea, immediate action is required, even if the child does not yet show any symptoms. The first and most important step is to contact the US National Poison Control Center immediately at 1-800-222-1222. This hotline is available 24/7 and provides expert, specific guidance based on the child’s age, weight, and the amount of plant material consumed.
While waiting for professional advice, it is important to keep the child calm and still, as increased activity can sometimes quicken the onset of symptoms. Do not attempt to induce vomiting unless a healthcare professional or the Poison Control Center specifically instructs you to do so. If the child exhibits any severe changes like sudden drowsiness or breathing issues, call 911 immediately.
Prevention
Prevention in the home environment starts with supervising children closely when they are outdoors, especially in the garden. If hydrangeas are unavoidable in your yard, consider placing a small fence or barrier around the plants to physically restrict access for curious toddlers. Regularly pruning dead flowers and leaves is also helpful, as this removes accessible plant parts that a child might easily pick up.