Huntsman spiders, often perceived as alarming due to their considerable size and rapid movements, frequently provoke questions about their potential danger to humans. Despite their intimidating appearance, these spiders are generally considered to be non-aggressive and largely harmless to people. This article clarifies common misconceptions by detailing their physical attributes, bites, reasons for misunderstanding, and advice for coexisting.
What Huntsman Spiders Look Like
Huntsman spiders are recognized by their large size and long legs. Their leg span can reach up to 15 cm. They typically display shades of brown or grey, sometimes featuring banded legs, which aids in their camouflage. Many species possess a distinctly flattened body, an adaptation that allows them to squeeze into narrow spaces like under loose tree bark or within rock crevices.
Unlike many other spiders, huntsman spiders do not build webs for catching prey. Instead, they are active hunters, using their agility and speed to pursue insects and other small invertebrates. They are commonly found in warm temperate to tropical regions globally, often inhabiting natural environments such as woodpiles, tree bark, and rock crevices. These spiders also frequently venture into human dwellings, seeking shelter or prey, and are often found in cars, sometimes hiding behind sun visors.
Understanding Their Bite
Huntsman spiders are generally not aggressive towards humans and prefer to retreat rather than confront. Bites typically occur only if the spider feels provoked or threatened, such as when accidentally trapped against skin or when a female is guarding her egg sac. Their venom, while present, is not considered medically significant to humans.
If a bite does occur, it is usually painful due to the spider’s large fangs, but the effects are generally localized and temporary. Common symptoms include immediate pain, mild swelling, redness, and minor skin irritation at the bite site. Some individuals might experience itching, a burning sensation, or in rare cases, mild systemic symptoms like headache or nausea. Serious allergic reactions, such as anaphylaxis, are exceedingly rare. A 2003 study analyzing 168 huntsman spider bites found no cases of anaphylaxis, indicating that the impact of their venom on humans is typically mild.
Why Huntsman Spiders Are Misunderstood
The common fear and misunderstanding surrounding huntsman spiders largely stem from their imposing physical characteristics and behavior. Their substantial size and hairy appearance can be startling to many. Additionally, their rapid and sometimes unpredictable movements contribute to the perception of danger. When disturbed, they may scuttle quickly or even appear to jump, which can be alarming.
Despite these intimidating traits, huntsman spiders are often timid and more inclined to flee from humans. Their tendency to suddenly appear in unexpected places, like behind sun visors in cars or on walls indoors, can lead to panic, even though they are simply seeking shelter or prey. These spiders play a beneficial role in ecosystems as natural pest controllers, preying on insects such as cockroaches and moths. This predatory behavior helps maintain ecological balance and can reduce the presence of common household pests.
Living Alongside Huntsman Spiders
Coexisting with huntsman spiders involves understanding their behavior and implementing simple strategies for safe encounters. If a huntsman spider is found indoors, the most common and recommended method for removal is to use a container and a piece of paper. Gently place a glass or plastic container over the spider, then slide a piece of cardboard or paper underneath to trap it. The spider can then be safely relocated outdoors, preferably near a tree with loose bark, which mimics their natural habitat.
If a bite does occur, basic first aid typically involves cleaning the bite area with soap and water. Applying a cold pack to the site can help reduce swelling and alleviate pain. Over-the-counter pain relievers can also be used for discomfort. While serious reactions are rare, monitoring the bite for any worsening symptoms or signs of an allergic reaction is advisable, and medical attention should be sought if concerns arise. Huntsman spiders are a natural part of the environment and generally pose no threat, making peaceful coexistence possible.