Encountering a scorpion indoors can be unsettling, sparking immediate questions about its danger. While scorpions can sting, the level of toxicity varies considerably among species commonly found in homes. This article provides information to help you understand the risks associated with house scorpions and how to respond if a sting occurs.
Understanding House Scorpion Toxicity
The Arizona bark scorpion (Centruroides sculpturatus), common in the southwestern U.S., is medically significant. The venom of this species contains neurotoxins that can cause intense pain, numbness, tingling, and muscle twitching. While its sting is rarely fatal for healthy adults, it can lead to severe symptoms in young children and pets due to their smaller body mass. In children, more severe reactions can include rapid, involuntary eye movements, excessive salivation, and difficulty breathing.
In contrast, other scorpion species that might occasionally enter homes, such as the striped bark scorpion (Centruroides vittatus) or the striped-tail scorpion (Paravaejovis spinigerus), typically deliver a sting comparable to a bee sting. Their venom usually causes localized pain, redness, and swelling, with systemic effects being uncommon. While painful, these stings are generally not life-threatening for healthy individuals.
Identifying Common House Scorpions
Scorpions have a distinctive crab-like appearance, with eight legs, pincers, and a segmented tail ending in a stinger. Most scorpions have poor eyesight, relying on touch to navigate. When moving, they typically hold pincers extended and tail curved over their body.
The Arizona bark scorpion (Centruroides sculpturatus), often found indoors, is small, typically 2 to 3 inches long. It has slender pincers and a thin tail, distinguishing it from scorpions with more robust claws. This species is usually light brown to yellowish or tan, often without distinctive markings, and can climb vertical surfaces. Scorpions are nocturnal, seeking cool, dark places during the day, such as cracks, crevices, and cluttered areas.
Responding to a House Scorpion Sting
If stung by a house scorpion, clean the affected area with soap and water to prevent infection. Apply a cool compress or ice pack to the sting site to reduce pain and swelling. Elevating the stung limb can also help manage swelling. Over-the-counter pain relievers, like acetaminophen or ibuprofen, can alleviate discomfort.
Seek immediate medical attention if the sting is from an Arizona bark scorpion, or if severe symptoms develop. These symptoms include difficulty breathing, widespread muscle spasms or twitching, slurred speech, drooling, or vomiting. Medical evaluation is important for children, the elderly, or individuals with compromised immune systems, as they are more susceptible to severe reactions. Avoid applying a tourniquet or cutting the wound, as these actions can cause more harm.
Preventing House Scorpion Encounters
To prevent scorpions from entering your home, seal cracks or openings in foundations, walls, and around pipes or utility lines. Ensure window and door screens are intact and doors have tight-fitting sweeps. Scorpions can enter through gaps as narrow as 1/16th of an inch.
Reducing clutter inside and outside your home eliminates hiding spots for scorpions. This includes removing piles of firewood, rocks, or debris and trimming vegetation away from the foundation. Shaking out shoes and clothing before putting them on, especially if left on the floor or in garages, prevents unexpected encounters.