Green nails, medically known as chloronychia, refer to a discoloration of the nail plate that gives it a greenish hue. This color change can affect fingernails or toenails, ranging from light to dark green. The discoloration typically does not involve the surrounding skin but is confined to the nail itself.
What Causes Green Nails?
The most frequent cause of green nails is an infection by the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This common bacterium thrives in moist environments and produces pigments that cause the characteristic green color seen in affected nails.
For Pseudomonas aeruginosa to cause an infection, the nail typically needs to be compromised, providing an entry point for bacterial multiplication. Conditions that create such an environment include prolonged exposure to water, which softens the nail and the skin around it. This can happen with frequent hand washing, swimming, or occupations that involve constant wetness.
Other factors that facilitate this bacterial growth include onycholysis, a condition where the nail plate separates from the nail bed, creating a pocket for moisture and bacteria. Trauma to the nail, such as an injury, can also lift the nail plate and make it more susceptible. The use of artificial nails can trap moisture and debris underneath, fostering an ideal breeding ground for the bacteria.
Are Green Nails Contagious?
Green nail discoloration, when caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is generally not considered highly contagious. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic bacterium, meaning it typically causes infection only when the body’s defenses are weakened or a specific entry point, like a damaged nail, is present. The bacterium is widespread in the environment, found in soil, water, and even on human skin.
Casual contact with someone who has green nails is unlikely to transmit the condition, as the bacterium requires specific conditions to establish an infection. A healthy nail plate acts as a protective barrier, preventing the bacteria from invading. Therefore, simple touch or sharing common items does not usually lead to transmission.
The risk of person-to-person spread of green nails is low. The infection is more commonly acquired from environmental sources when the nail is already compromised. While poor sanitation of nail tools could transfer bacteria, the primary issue is pre-existing nail damage and moisture.
Managing and Preventing Green Nails
Managing green nails involves addressing the underlying bacterial infection and reducing the moist environment that allows bacteria to flourish. Keeping the affected nail and surrounding areas as dry as possible is a fundamental step. This includes avoiding prolonged immersion in water and ensuring thorough drying of hands and feet after washing or bathing.
Topical treatments are often used to combat bacterial growth, including antiseptic solutions or specific topical antibiotics. Regular trimming of the nail can help remove the discolored portion as the nail grows out and reduce the area where moisture can accumulate. If discoloration worsens, there is pain, or home care does not show improvement, seeking professional medical advice is recommended.
Preventing green nails focuses on maintaining good nail hygiene and minimizing conditions conducive to bacterial growth. Always dry hands and feet completely after they get wet, paying particular attention to the areas under and around the nails. Wearing protective gloves when performing tasks that involve prolonged water exposure, such as dishwashing or cleaning, can significantly reduce risk. Ensuring that nail tools are clean and sterilized before use helps prevent the introduction of bacteria. Choosing well-fitting footwear can prevent trauma to toenails, which might otherwise create openings for bacteria.