The question of whether a Golden Eagle is larger than a Bald Eagle does not have a simple answer. The widespread misconception that Bald Eagles are always the largest is common, often influenced by their striking white head and tail, which makes them seem more imposing than the uniformly dark Golden Eagle. While the Bald Eagle generally holds the title for greater average body mass, the Golden Eagle frequently boasts a comparable or even slightly greater maximum wingspan. Analyzing their size requires examining the specific physical dimensions of each raptor.
Comparing Physical Dimensions
When considering overall mass, the Bald Eagle typically outweighs the Golden Eagle across their shared ranges in North America. Adult Bald Eagles generally average between 6.6 and 13.9 pounds (3 to 6.3 kilograms). Golden Eagles are slightly lighter, ranging from approximately 5 to 14 pounds (2.3 to 6.4 kilograms). As is common among birds of prey, the females of both species are noticeably larger and heavier than the males, sometimes by as much as 25 percent.
The sheer length of the birds, measured from the tip of the beak to the end of the tail, is remarkably similar for both species. Bald Eagles measure about 28 to 40 inches (70 to 102 centimeters) long, nearly matching the Golden Eagle’s length of 26 to 39 inches (66 to 100 centimeters). The wingspan is where the Golden Eagle sometimes gains an advantage, often reaching up to 7.7 feet (2.34 meters). The Bald Eagle’s span is typically 6 to 7.5 feet (1.8 to 2.3 meters).
Size is not static for either species and varies significantly based on geography and climate, a concept known as Bergmann’s rule. Bald Eagles in the far north, such as those in Alaska, tend to be among the largest of their species, supporting the idea that larger body size is advantageous in colder climates. Golden Eagles from northern latitudes are often heavier than those found in the southern parts of their range. This natural variation ensures that a large female Golden Eagle could easily exceed the weight of a smaller male Bald Eagle.
Distinguishing Features and Appearance
Beyond the subtle differences in physical measurements, several distinct visual traits help identify these eagles. The most obvious difference in mature birds is the plumage coloration. The Bald Eagle features a dark brown body sharply contrasted by a pure white head and tail. In contrast, the Golden Eagle maintains a uniform dark brown body throughout its life, with golden-brown feathers on the back of its neck that give the species its name.
Looking closely at the head profile provides another clear distinction. The Bald Eagle possesses a large, prominent head and a massive, hooked yellow beak that is disproportionately large. The Golden Eagle’s beak is smaller and darker, giving its head a more proportionate, streamlined profile.
One of the most reliable features for identification is the feathering on their legs. Golden Eagles are known as “booted eagles” because their legs are fully covered in feathers down to the talons. Bald Eagles have bare, yellow, unfeathered lower legs, a trait that may be an adaptation for handling and eating fish.
Their flight silhouettes also differ, offering a useful cue when observing them high overhead. Bald Eagles typically soar with their broad wings held flat and level. Golden Eagles often hold their wings in a slight “V” shape, known as a dihedral, which is a key identification marker.