Deer resistance is a common concern for gardeners, and the answer to whether deer eat geraniums depends on the specific type of plant. Geraniums are generally resistant due to physical and chemical properties that make them unappealing. However, this natural defense is not absolute. Highly pressured deer populations may consume typically avoided plants when preferred food sources become scarce, especially during late fall and winter.
The Geranium Identity Crisis: True vs. Common Names
The confusion surrounding deer resistance begins with a botanical misidentification, as the common name “geranium” is applied to two distinct groups of plants. The bedding plants most often sold at garden centers are actually species of the genus Pelargonium, which are typically grown as annuals. These are known for their showy, often asymmetrical flowers and are the plants most people refer to when asking about geraniums.
The other group is the “true geraniums,” which belong to the genus Geranium, commonly known as cranesbills. These plants are hardy perennials, returning each year, and typically feature smaller, more symmetrical flowers. While both genera belong to the same plant family, their differing chemical compositions mean their level of resistance to deer browsing is not uniform.
Why Geraniums Deter Deer: Taste and Texture
Deer generally avoid Pelargoniums due to a combination of strong aromatic oils and unappealing physical texture. Many varieties contain high concentrations of volatile compounds that produce a pungent odor when the foliage is disturbed. This strong, bitter scent acts as an immediate deterrent, and the leaves often possess a fuzzy or sticky texture unpleasant to the deer’s mouthfeel.
True geraniums, or perennial cranesbills, also exhibit resistance, leaning more toward bitter taste and lower nutritional value. While their scent is less pronounced than the annual varieties, the chemicals within the leaves are unpalatable to deer. No plant is truly deer-proof; some specific cultivars, such as Geranium endressii, are known to be grazed more frequently than others.
Protecting Your Garden: Practical Deterrent Measures
When natural plant resistance proves insufficient, especially in areas with high deer density, gardeners must use active deterrent strategies. Physical barriers are the most reliable method, with fencing being highly effective if it is at least eight feet tall, as deer are capable jumpers. For smaller areas, temporary wire cages or netting can be placed directly over vulnerable plants.
Beyond physical exclusion, taste- and scent-based repellent sprays can be applied directly to the foliage. These commercial products use ingredients like putrescent egg solids or strong-smelling oils to make the plants smell and taste foul. To maintain effectiveness, topical repellents require reapplication every few weeks, especially after heavy rain or as new growth emerges. Strategic planting can also help, such as placing geraniums near the home or surrounding them with fragrant herbs like sage and lavender.