Gel injections, also known as viscosupplementation, represent a treatment option for individuals experiencing discomfort in their knees. These injections introduce a substance directly into the knee joint, aiming to alleviate pain and improve joint function. This approach offers a non-surgical avenue for managing knee issues.
Understanding Gel Injections
Gel injections typically contain hyaluronic acid, a substance naturally present in the synovial fluid of healthy joints. This fluid is responsible for lubricating the joint and absorbing shock, enabling smooth movement. In conditions like knee osteoarthritis, the natural levels of hyaluronic acid in the joint can diminish, leading to increased friction and pain.
These injections are primarily used to address knee osteoarthritis, a degenerative joint condition where the cartilage cushioning the ends of bones gradually breaks down. By supplementing the depleted natural fluid, gel injections aim to restore some of the knee joint’s lubricating and cushioning properties.
Mechanism of Action
The injected hyaluronic acid functions as both a lubricant and a shock absorber in the knee. This helps reduce friction between joint surfaces, which can become rough due to cartilage degradation in osteoarthritis. This facilitates smoother movement and reduces pain from bone-on-bone contact.
Beyond mechanical lubrication, hyaluronic acid also improves the quality of joint fluid. It can have anti-inflammatory properties and may stimulate the joint to produce more natural hyaluronic acid. This dual action alleviates pain and enhances joint function.
Identifying Suitable Candidates
Gel injections are for individuals with mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis. They are recommended when other conservative treatments have not provided sufficient relief. Prior treatments include physical therapy, activity modification, weight loss, and oral pain relievers like acetaminophen or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
These injections are not a universal solution for all knee conditions or for severe osteoarthritis, such as cases where there is severe “bone-on-bone” degeneration. They can be a viable option for those who wish to delay knee replacement surgery or for individuals who cannot tolerate certain oral medications due to side effects.
What to Expect During and After
The procedure for receiving a gel injection is performed in a clinical setting and takes only a few minutes. The healthcare provider cleans and sterilizes the skin around the knee to minimize infection risk. A local anesthetic may numb the injection site, reducing discomfort.
If excess fluid is present, the provider may aspirate it before injecting hyaluronic acid. Imaging guidance, such as ultrasound or X-ray, may be used to ensure precise placement into the joint space. After injection, the needle is removed, and a small bandage is applied.
Following the injection, mild, temporary sensations at the injection site are common, such as pain, swelling, warmth, or stiffness. Applying ice packs helps alleviate these symptoms. Patients should avoid strenuous activities, heavy lifting, or prolonged standing for 24 to 48 hours after the injection to allow the substance to settle and minimize discomfort. Light walking is permissible.
Important Considerations
The effectiveness of gel injections can vary significantly among individuals. While many patients report pain relief and improved mobility, some may not experience substantial benefits. Gel injections are not a cure for osteoarthritis and do not reverse the disease or regrow cartilage. They are a symptomatic treatment for managing pain and improving function.
Temporary localized reactions at the injection site are common, including pain, swelling, and warmth. A more pronounced reaction, sometimes called an “injection flare,” can occur in a small percentage of patients, leading to increased pain and swelling that may require medical attention. More serious issues, such as infection or allergic reactions, are rare but possible. Discussing all treatment options, including benefits and considerations, with a healthcare provider is important to determine if gel injections are appropriate for an individual’s condition.