Geckos are a common sight in Florida, often observed clinging to walls or darting across lanais. Their presence prompts a common question: are these reptiles considered invasive species in the state?
Florida’s Gecko Diversity
Florida is home to many gecko species, but only one, the Florida reef gecko (Sphaerodactylus notatus), is native. This small lizard primarily inhabits coastal and mangrove areas in the Florida Keys and is rarely seen in residential settings. Most geckos commonly seen throughout Florida are non-native, introduced largely through the pet trade or accidental transport.
The most widespread non-native species include the Mediterranean house gecko (Hemidactylus turcicus) and the Tokay gecko (Gekko gecko). The Mediterranean house gecko, from the Mediterranean region, was first reported in Florida around 1910, likely arriving as a stowaway. The Tokay gecko, native to Southeast Asia, established populations from escaped or released pets. Other introduced species include the tropical house gecko, ocellated gecko, and Madagascar giant day gecko.
What Makes a Species Invasive
Understanding whether a species is invasive requires more than simply identifying it as non-native. An invasive species is defined as one that is non-native to an ecosystem and whose introduction causes or is likely to cause environmental, economic, or human health harm. Not all non-native species are invasive; many coexist without significant issues, such as common agricultural crops.
Criteria for classifying a species as invasive include its ability to reproduce rapidly, adapt to new environments, and outcompete native species for resources. A lack of natural predators can allow populations to grow unchecked. Invasive species can lead to the extinction of native plants and animals, reduce biodiversity, and alter habitats.
Ecological Impacts of Non-Native Geckos
The invasiveness of geckos in Florida depends on the specific species and its ecological effects. The Tokay gecko, a larger and more aggressive species, is considered an established invasive species. These geckos prey on native insects, frogs, birds, and smaller native lizards and snakes, including the corn snake. Their presence can disrupt the local ecosystem by competing for food and habitat.
The Mediterranean house gecko is widespread, especially in urban areas, but its ecological impact is still being studied. These nocturnal predators consume invertebrates and may compete with native treefrogs for prey. While prevalent and reproducing rapidly, their negative environmental impact is not as severe as other invasive reptiles in Florida. Not all introduced geckos are classified by state agencies as causing significant ecological damage.
Living Alongside Florida’s Geckos
Many geckos commonly encountered in Florida, like the Mediterranean house gecko, are considered harmless to humans and pets. They often provide natural pest control, consuming insects attracted to outdoor lights. Native lizards are protected in Florida, but introduced gecko species do not receive the same protections.
Awareness of local ecosystems is important. Residents should avoid releasing exotic pets into the wild. Florida’s warm climate makes it susceptible to non-native species establishing populations, and irresponsible pet release is a significant pathway for introductions. Observing geckos from a distance and understanding their role, whether native or introduced, helps with coexistence.