Geckos are commonly seen across the Hawaiian Islands, found clinging to walls, ceilings, and foliage both indoors and outdoors. They are often seen darting across a lanai or near a household light source. None of the eight gecko species established in the state are native to Hawaii; they were introduced over time, beginning with the earliest Polynesian voyagers and continuing through modern cargo transport. Their widespread distribution makes them a frequent point of curiosity for visitors and new residents.
Assessing the Threat Level of Hawaiian Geckos
The primary question regarding geckos in Hawaii is whether they pose any danger to humans. Geckos are not venomous; they do not possess venom glands or any anatomical mechanism to inject toxins. The few venomous lizards that exist globally are not found in Hawaii, and no gecko species produces venom harmful to people.
Concerns about biting are also unfounded, as most geckos in Hawaii are small, typically ranging from four to six inches in length. While any animal can bite defensively, a gecko’s teeth are tiny and designed for gripping insects, not for penetrating human skin. A bite would be barely noticeable, feeling more like a minor pinch, and would only occur if the animal felt severely threatened or was handled roughly.
The only potential health consideration is the risk of Salmonella bacteria transmission. Like nearly all reptiles, geckos can carry Salmonella on their bodies and in their feces, which can contaminate surfaces or food. This risk is easily managed by maintaining simple hygiene, such as washing hands after any contact with the lizard or its droppings.
Types of Geckos Commonly Seen in Hawaii
Two main species of introduced geckos are frequently encountered in Hawaii. The Common House Gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus) is a small, nocturnal lizard that typically grows to three to six inches long. This gecko is generally a pale, grayish-white or translucent pinkish color, often appearing nearly white on light-colored walls. It is the species most commonly observed indoors, often hunting insects near household lights at night.
The Gold Dust Day Gecko (Phelsuma laticauda) is the second most visible species, known for its striking, vibrant appearance. This diurnal lizard is active during the day and reaches a length of approximately four to five and a half inches. It is easily identifiable by its brilliant green or yellowish-green body color. It features a distinctive sprinkling of yellow or gold-colored scales on its neck and shoulders, along with blue around the eyes and some orange-red markings.
Living Alongside Geckos
Geckos serve a beneficial role by acting as natural pest control. They actively hunt and consume various household pests, including mosquitoes, flies, small cockroaches, and spiders. Allowing geckos to remain in and around a property can significantly reduce the population of these problematic insects.
It is recommended to avoid handling geckos due to their delicate nature. Their skin is fragile and can easily tear if grabbed, and they may drop their tail as a defense mechanism, which is stressful for the animal. If a gecko is found inside a home and needs to be moved, gently encourage it toward an open door or window.
Geckos are primarily drawn into homes because the indoor environment provides them with warmth, shelter, and a reliable food source. Insects attracted to indoor or outdoor lighting often become an easy meal for the lizards. Reducing the presence of other household pests is the most effective way to naturally discourage geckos from taking up permanent residence.