Garter snakes are among the most common reptiles found across North America, frequently encountered in diverse environments from suburban gardens to natural wetlands. Their widespread presence often leads to curiosity about their temperament and whether they can be considered “friendly.” While their docile nature might suggest approachability, understanding their natural behaviors is key to appreciating these fascinating creatures. Friendliness in animals typically means a lack of aggression and tolerance for human interaction. For garter snakes, this is more accurately a defensive disposition than an affectionate one.
Garter Snake Behavior
Garter snakes are generally not aggressive by nature, preferring to avoid confrontation when possible. Their primary response to a perceived threat is to flee. If cornered or handled, they employ several defensive mechanisms. One common defense is the release of a foul-smelling musk. They may also flatten their bodies to appear larger, hiss, or strike as a warning.
These behaviors are fear-based reactions, not an indication of inherent hostility. Another defensive tactic is thanatosis, or playing dead. While they might strike defensively, their bites are typically quick and hesitant, lacking the force intended for serious harm. This defensive posture highlights that garter snakes are docile and non-aggressive towards humans unless provoked.
Handling Garter Snakes
Garter snakes can bite when they feel threatened or are provoked. The bite feels like a minor pinch or a bee sting, causing mild discomfort due to their small, curved teeth. While garter snakes possess a mild neurotoxin in their saliva, it is too weak to pose a significant risk to humans, primarily stunning their small prey.
Following a garter snake bite, it is important to clean the affected area thoroughly with soap and water. A cold compress can reduce swelling or discomfort. While rare, some individuals might experience an allergic reaction, such as increased swelling, redness, or itching. Monitor the bite site for signs of infection, such as pus or worsening pain, and seek medical attention if symptoms are severe. Observing garter snakes from a distance is recommended, as handling wild specimens can cause them stress.
Garter Snakes as Pets
Garter snakes can be kept as pets and are often considered suitable for beginners due to their relatively small size and active nature. However, they are not “cuddly” animals; their “friendliness” in captivity is better described as a tolerance for handling rather than affection. Captive-bred garter snakes are generally more accustomed to human interaction and tend to have a gentler disposition than wild-caught individuals.
Keeping a garter snake requires specific care to ensure their well-being. A single adult garter snake needs an enclosure of at least 40 gallons, with a secure lid to prevent escapes. The habitat should include a temperature gradient, ranging from a cooler end of around 70°F (21°C) to a warmer end of 85°F (29°C), with a basking spot reaching about 90°F (32°C). Providing a varied diet of frozen/thawed rodents, earthworms, and feeder fish, along with a water dish large enough for soaking, contributes to their health. It is generally not recommended and often illegal to take garter snakes from the wild for pets, as they may not adapt well to captivity and doing so can disrupt local ecosystems.