Snakes are common visitors in many backyards and gardens, often leading to questions about their potential danger. Encountering a snake can be startling, and it is natural to wonder about the nature of these reptiles, especially those frequently seen in residential areas. This information aims to clarify common misconceptions surrounding garden snakes, providing insight into their characteristics and appropriate actions should an encounter occur.
The Truth About Garden Snakes
Garden snakes, primarily garter snakes (Thamnophis genus), are generally not considered dangerous to humans. For many years, these snakes were believed to be non-venomous. However, discoveries in the early 2000s revealed garter snakes produce a mild neurotoxic venom. This venom is primarily effective for subduing small prey like amphibians and earthworms, and they lack an efficient mechanism to deliver enough to seriously harm humans.
It is important to distinguish between venomous and poisonous. Venomous animals inject toxins, typically through a bite or sting, while poisonous organisms release toxins when ingested or touched. Garter snake bites, though mildly venomous, are often compared to a minor pinch or bee sting, causing minimal discomfort. Bites may rarely cause localized mild swelling, redness, or irritation, though these are generally not due to severe venom effects. Some garter snake species can also be poisonous if they consume toxic prey and retain those toxins.
Identifying a Garden Snake
Accurate identification of garden snakes is helpful. These small to medium-sized snakes typically measure between 18 and 34 inches (46 to 86 centimeters), though some can reach 54 inches (137 centimeters).
Their appearance varies, but most garter snakes have a background of black, brown, gray, or green. A defining characteristic is three light-colored longitudinal stripes (yellow, white, green, brown, or blue) running down their bodies, with some displaying irregular red spots or a checkerboard pattern between these stripes. Garter snakes have a slender build, keeled scales, a head notably wider than their neck, large, round eyes, and a red tongue with a black tip. These adaptable snakes thrive in diverse environments, including gardens, fields, woodlands, and near water, often seeking shelter under rocks, logs, or debris.
What to Do After a Bite
If a garter snake bite occurs, remain calm. Though generally not dangerous, proper wound care is advisable. Clean the bite area thoroughly with soap and water to prevent infection. After cleaning, apply an antiseptic ointment to reduce the bacterial contamination.
Cover the clean wound with a dry bandage. Monitor the bite site for signs of infection, such as increasing redness, swelling, unusual discharge, or persistent pain. Rarely, an allergic reaction may occur, manifesting as hives, difficulty breathing, or swelling beyond the bite area. Medical attention is usually unnecessary unless infection develops, an allergic reaction occurs, or the snake’s identification is uncertain. Consider a tetanus booster if it has been over five years since the last vaccination.