Millipedes are common invertebrates found throughout Florida, often encountered in gardens, forests, and moist environments. Over 50 species are found in the state, a frequent sight particularly during humid seasons. Many question if they are “poisonous” or harmful. Understanding their natural behaviors and defense mechanisms clarifies these concerns.
Understanding Millipede Defenses
Millipedes are not venomous and do not bite or sting to inject toxins. Their primary defense mechanism involves coiling their bodies into a tight spiral, protecting their softer undersides from potential threats. When disturbed or handled, many millipede species can release a defensive fluid from glands located along their body segments.
These secretions are not systemic poisons but rather irritants designed to deter predators. The chemicals found in these fluids vary by species but often include compounds like benzoquinones. Some Florida species, such as the Florida ivory millipede, are known to secrete hydrogen cyanide, though in very small quantities. These defensive compounds are generally harmless to humans, primarily causing localized irritation upon contact.
Effects of Millipede Contact
Direct contact with millipede secretions can cause localized skin reactions. Common effects include temporary skin discoloration (yellowish or reddish-brown stains), mild irritation, a rash, or a burning sensation.
The fluid can also leave a lingering odor and a stain that may persist for several days. If secretions contact sensitive areas like eyes or mouth, they can cause burning and significant irritation. If skin contact occurs, wash the affected area thoroughly with soap and water to remove irritants. Seek medical attention if irritation persists, a severe allergic reaction develops, or secretions enter eyes or mouth.
Managing Millipedes Around Your Home
Millipedes need moisture and often enter homes accidentally, especially during heavy rainfall or drought when outdoor habitats become unsuitable. They cannot survive long indoors (typically a few days) unless conditions are very damp. Their indoor presence often signals a moisture issue or abundant outdoor populations.
To reduce millipedes, focus on preventive measures. Reducing moisture is key; clear leaf litter, decaying wood, and thick mulch near the foundation. Improving drainage also limits suitable habitats. Seal cracks in foundations, around windows, and under doors to prevent entry. If found indoors, safely remove them with a vacuum or broom and dustpan, avoiding direct skin contact.