Florida’s warm, subtropical climate supports a diverse array of lizard species, making them a common sight. These reptiles range significantly in size, from small, agile anoles to much larger, invasive species. Many wonder about the potential dangers these lizards might pose. While most of Florida’s lizard population is harmless, understanding the distinctions between species can help clarify concerns.
Common Florida Lizards: Harmless Encounters
The lizards most frequently observed throughout Florida are typically small and pose no threat to humans. Brown anoles, green anoles, and various types of geckos and skinks are prevalent in gardens, on fences, and around homes. These small lizards play a beneficial role in the local ecosystem by consuming insects like mosquitoes, flies, and cockroaches. Their presence contributes to natural pest control.
Brown anoles, originally from Cuba and the Bahamas, are now widespread, often outcompeting the native green anoles. Geckos, identifiable by their nocturnal habits and specialized toe pads, are frequently seen climbing surfaces at night in pursuit of insects attracted to lights. Skinks, with their smooth, shiny scales, are also common, often found in wooded areas or near residential landscaping. These species are shy and will flee if approached, making human interactions rare.
Venomous Lizards: A Florida Reality Check
A common concern revolves around the presence of venomous lizards in Florida. Florida has no native lizard species considered venomous in the traditional sense. True venomous lizards, such as the Gila monster or the Mexican beaded lizard, are found in the southwestern United States and Mexico, and are not part of Florida’s natural fauna.
Some larger non-native lizards in Florida might possess saliva with toxic properties or harbor bacteria that can cause irritation or infection. However, this differs from the venom injection system found in truly venomous reptiles. While a bite from these lizards might require medical attention due to bacterial infection, it does not involve venom injection.
Larger Non-Native Lizards: Understanding the Risks
Concerns regarding lizards in Florida stem from several non-native invasive species. Lizards such as green iguanas, Argentine black and white tegus, and Nile monitors have proliferated due to Florida’s warm climate and lack of natural predators. These species can grow to considerable sizes, with male green iguanas reaching up to 6 feet and 17 pounds, and Nile monitors often exceeding 5 feet. Tegus can also grow to over 4 feet long.
These larger lizards can pose various risks. They may deliver painful bites if threatened or cornered, and their sharp claws can cause scratches. While not inherently aggressive towards humans, defensive reactions can lead to injuries. Beyond direct physical harm, these reptiles can carry bacteria like Salmonella, transmittable to humans through contact.
Their burrowing activities can damage infrastructure, including seawalls, sidewalks, and foundations. These invasive species are predators that consume eggs, small mammals, and native wildlife, disrupting Florida’s ecosystems.
Staying Safe: Encounters and Prevention
Coexisting with Florida’s lizard population involves understanding appropriate behaviors during encounters. Observe wild lizards from a distance and never attempt to handle or feed them. Feeding wild animals can alter their natural behaviors and make them less wary of humans, leading to more problematic interactions. Maintaining a clean yard and removing debris can also reduce attractive habitats for larger non-native species.
If a bite from a lizard occurs, thoroughly wash the wound with soap and water. Monitor the area for signs of infection, such as redness, swelling, or pus, and seek medical attention if the wound is deep or bleeds excessively. In instances of nuisance or concerns regarding large non-native lizards, contact the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). Reporting sightings of invasive species, especially larger ones like tegus and Nile monitors, helps wildlife authorities track and manage their populations, contributing to the protection of Florida’s native wildlife.