Eruption cysts are often not painful. This common and benign condition typically appears in children as a bluish swelling on the gums. Understanding what an eruption cyst is can help alleviate worries as it is generally a temporary part of tooth development.
What is an Eruption Cyst?
An eruption cyst is a fluid-filled sac that forms on the gum tissue directly over a tooth preparing to emerge. It appears as a soft, rounded swelling, which can be translucent, bluish, or sometimes reddish in color. The discoloration, particularly a purplish or dark hue, can occur if blood mixes with the fluid inside, leading to what is sometimes called an eruption hematoma.
It develops when fluid accumulates between an erupting tooth’s crown and the overlying gum tissue, a natural part of the tooth eruption process affecting both primary (baby) and permanent teeth. While the exact cause is not fully understood, it is thought to be related to minor trauma or inflammation during tooth development.
They typically form superficially in the gingiva, directly above the involved tooth. Though they may look unusual, these cysts are generally harmless and usually resolve on their own.
Common Symptoms and Discomfort
The primary symptom is a visible swelling on the gum, often less than a half-inch. Most children do not notice them. This visible bump may be the only indication that an eruption cyst is present.
While severe pain is rare, some children might experience mild discomfort or a feeling of pressure in the affected area. This can happen if the cyst becomes particularly large, or if it is irritated by chewing or accidental biting. Tenderness to the touch is another less common symptom that may occur.
Occasionally, an eruption cyst can cause minor irritation, leading to symptoms similar to general teething discomfort, such as fussiness or a desire to chew on cold objects. However, these are often associated with the underlying tooth eruption itself rather than the cyst directly. The cyst usually ruptures spontaneously as the tooth breaks through the gum, allowing the tooth to emerge without further issue.
When to Consult a Dentist
In most instances, eruption cysts resolve without the need for dental intervention as the tooth naturally emerges through the cyst. However, there are specific circumstances when consulting a dentist is advisable to ensure proper care. A dental visit is warranted if there is significant or persistent pain that goes beyond mild discomfort.
Signs of a possible infection, such as fever, pus discharge from the cyst, or rapidly spreading swelling in the gum or jaw area, also indicate a need for professional evaluation. If the cyst interferes with a child’s ability to eat or drink comfortably, or if there is prolonged bleeding, it is important to seek dental advice.
Additionally, if the eruption cyst does not resolve on its own within a few weeks, or if the tooth beneath it seems delayed in erupting, a dentist can assess the situation. In rare cases where the cyst is preventing normal tooth eruption, a minor procedure called marsupialization might be considered. This involves making a small opening in the cyst to release the fluid and help the tooth emerge.