Eels, with their elongated bodies, often spark curiosity about their disposition towards humans. While some captive eels may become accustomed to human presence, this should not be mistaken for genuine friendliness. Eels are wild animals, acting on instinct and self-preservation, not affection. Their behavior is driven by survival mechanisms. Understanding their natural behavior is important for safe interaction.
Understanding Eel Temperament
Eels are predatory animals, focused on hunting and defense. Many species are nocturnal, hiding during the day and emerging at night to feed. Any perceived “friendliness,” like rubbing against a diver, is typically a misinterpretation of natural behaviors such as parasite removal or investigating a potential food source.
Eels are not inherently aggressive towards humans and generally prefer to avoid confrontation. However, they will defend themselves if threatened, provoked, or if they mistake a human hand for prey, especially when food is present. Their defensive bites can be significant due to powerful jaws and sharp, backward-pointing teeth.
Common Eel Species and Their Interactions
Moray eels typically reside in coral reefs and rocky areas, often hiding in crevices. Mostly nocturnal predators, they are not usually aggressive but can deliver a painful bite if provoked or if they mistake a hand for food. Their sharp, backward-curved teeth and powerful jaws can cause deep lacerations and significant bleeding. Some moray eels also have toxic mucus, and their bites can lead to infections.
Electric eels are not true eels but a type of knifefish related to catfish. These South American freshwater fish generate powerful electric shocks for hunting and defense. An electric eel can produce up to 860 volts, enough to incapacitate a human. Shocks can be fatal by causing drowning, heart failure, or respiratory arrest, especially with multiple shocks or in individuals with heart conditions. They can even leap out of the water to deliver a stronger shock.
Freshwater eels, such as American or European eels, are shy and reclusive. They inhabit rivers and streams, often burying themselves in mud or hiding under rocks during the day. While their teeth are smaller than moray eels, they can still bite if threatened or handled carelessly. Encounters are less likely to result in serious injury than with moray or electric eels, as they usually flee rather than fight.
Safe Practices Around Eels
When encountering eels, observing them from a distance is the safest approach. Attempting to touch or interact with them is not advisable, as it can provoke a defensive reaction. Giving them ample space to retreat minimizes the risk of startling them or being perceived as a threat.
Avoid feeding wild eels. Providing food can alter their natural hunting behaviors and make them accustomed to human presence, increasing the likelihood of unwanted interactions or bites. If an eel approaches, remain calm and slowly back away. Never try to corner or harass an eel, as this significantly increases the chance of a defensive bite.
If handling an eel is necessary, such as for scientific research or rescue, use proper protective gear like thick gloves. Even then, caution is important due to their powerful bites and slippery bodies. Respecting their space and understanding their instincts are key to ensuring human safety and their well-being.