Earwigs are common in homes and gardens, often recognized by their distinctive appearance. Their presence can raise concerns about safety, particularly regarding whether they are poisonous if accidentally ingested.
Earwigs and Toxicity
Earwigs are not poisonous or venomous to humans or pets. They do not produce or inject toxins that cause poisoning, a common misconception. These insects, belonging to the order Dermaptera, are characterized by prominent, forceps-like appendages called cerci at the end of their abdomen. While these cerci might look intimidating, they are not stingers and do not contain venom.
Earwigs typically have long, flattened bodies, six legs, and a pair of antennae. Their color can range from reddish-brown to black. Some species possess wings, though they are rarely seen flying. The misconception about their toxicity might also arise from some species emitting a foul-smelling, yellowish liquid when threatened; however, this substance is not harmful to humans or animals.
Accidental Ingestion
If an earwig is accidentally ingested by a human or pet, it typically causes no serious harm. Ingesting a small insect like an earwig might, at most, lead to mild gastrointestinal upset. This discomfort, such as slight nausea or stomach upset, resembles ingesting any other small, non-food item.
Observation for unusual symptoms is recommended. Offering water can help, especially for pets. While severe reactions are not expected, contacting a medical professional or veterinarian is advisable if concerns arise or if symptoms like persistent vomiting or lethargy develop. Earwigs are not known to transmit diseases through ingestion.
Beyond Eating: Other Interactions
Beyond the question of ingestion, people often interact with earwigs in other ways, primarily noticing their pincer-like cerci. These cerci are primarily used by earwigs for defense against predators, for capturing small prey, and sometimes during mating rituals. While they can use these pincers to deliver a pinch, it is generally harmless to humans. The pinch rarely breaks the skin and causes only minor, momentary discomfort, often compared to a light nip.
Earwigs are not aggressive and are more likely to flee than engage with humans. The common folklore that earwigs crawl into ears and burrow into the brain is a myth. Earwigs do not typically bite humans. Their primary threat is to garden plants, where they can feed on seedlings and fruits.