Dogwood trees produce small, often brightly colored berries in the fall, leading to questions about their safety for humans and pets. Understanding these berries is important for anyone living near these popular ornamental trees. While concerns about toxicity are common, the actual risk associated with dogwood berries can vary depending on the specific species and the quantity ingested.
Toxicity of Dogwood Berries
The toxicity of dogwood berries depends on the specific species. For instance, Flowering Dogwood (Cornus florida) berries are generally considered inedible and mildly poisonous to humans, though not severely toxic. In contrast, Kousa Dogwood (Cornus kousa) berries are edible, but consuming large quantities can still lead to digestive upset. Kousa dogwood berries may offer some nutritional benefits for dogs in moderation.
Generally speaking, dogwood berries from common ornamental varieties are considered to have low toxicity. While some older beliefs suggested high toxicity, severe poisoning is uncommon. The primary concern with ingestion of dogwood berries, particularly for the inedible types or if large amounts of any type are consumed, is typically mild gastrointestinal irritation rather than systemic poisoning.
Potential Symptoms of Ingestion
If dogwood berries are ingested, symptoms are typically mild and involve the gastrointestinal system. Common reactions include stomach discomfort, vomiting, and diarrhea. These symptoms reflect irritation of the digestive tract. The berries, especially those of Cornus kousa, can have a bitter taste which might also contribute to an upset stomach.
In most cases, symptoms are self-limiting and resolve without extensive intervention. Severe or life-threatening symptoms are rare. However, the extent of symptoms can depend on the quantity of berries consumed and the individual’s sensitivity. Even for varieties considered edible, consuming a large number of berries can lead to digestive upset due to their composition or simply the volume ingested.
What to Do After Ingestion
If dogwood berries are ingested, observing the condition is the initial step. Monitor for any signs of gastrointestinal discomfort, such as vomiting or diarrhea. Offering small amounts of water can help if mild symptoms occur and can aid in flushing the system. If the ingestion was recent and symptoms are absent, simply watching for the next few hours is often sufficient.
Should symptoms persist, worsen, or if a significant quantity of berries was consumed, it is advisable to seek professional medical or veterinary advice. Contact a poison control center, a medical professional, or a veterinarian for guidance. They can provide specific recommendations based on the amount ingested, the species of dogwood, and the individual’s condition. To help prevent ingestion, it is practical to discourage pets and young children from eating any fallen berries or plant parts in the garden.