Dianthus, a genus including “pinks,” carnations, and Sweet William, is popular for its vibrant color and strong, often spicy fragrance. For gardeners in regions with active deer populations, selecting plants that can reliably survive browsing is necessary for a thriving landscape.
The Deer Resistance Rating of Dianthus
Dianthus is widely categorized as highly resistant to deer browsing, making it a favorable addition to gardens in wildlife-prone areas. These plants are generally left alone by grazing wildlife due to their inherent, unappetizing characteristics. According to the Rutgers University rating system, dianthus consistently falls into the “Seldom Severely Damaged” category.
This classification is the second-highest level of resistance. It indicates that while minor, exploratory nibbling might occasionally occur, deer rarely cause significant harm to the plant. Dianthus is a reliable choice for landscapes experiencing moderate deer pressure, as the animals usually move on quickly to more palatable options. This allows dianthus to be used effectively as a protective border plant to shield more vulnerable species.
Why Deer Typically Avoid Dianthus
The high resistance of dianthus stems from a combination of sensory and physical deterrents inherent to the plant’s structure and chemical composition. Deer possess highly sensitive olfactory systems, and the strong, often spicy or clove-like fragrance emitted by many dianthus varieties acts as a powerful natural repellent. This intense aroma can overwhelm a deer’s sense of smell, disrupting their ability to safely forage.
The foliage contributes an equally important layer of defense. Its characteristic blue-green leaves often have a tough, stiff, or slightly fuzzy texture that deer find unpalatable and difficult to chew. Furthermore, the plant contains chemical compounds that result in an unpleasant or bitter taste. Some varieties are also considered mildly toxic, causing digestive upset which teaches the animal to avoid the genus after a single negative experience.
When Resistance Fails
The general resistance rating of dianthus is not an absolute guarantee, as environmental pressures can cause deer to browse plants they usually ignore. When food is extremely scarce, such as during severe drought or harsh winter months, survival instinct overrides the preference for taste and texture. The desperate need for hydration or calories forces deer to sample plants they would normally pass over.
In areas with high deer population density, competition for resources may force animals to consume almost any available vegetation. This hunger pressure means a deer may consume dianthus entirely if no other options exist. Young or newly installed transplants are also temporarily more vulnerable until established. Their softer foliage lacks the dense, mature structure or concentrated chemical compounds that provide robust defense.
Enhancing Protection Against Deer Browsing
Gardeners can take proactive steps to reinforce the natural defenses of dianthus and protect the surrounding landscape. Strategic placement, known as companion planting, involves integrating dianthus with other strongly scented plants that deer also dislike. Herbs like lavender, Russian sage, or mint release powerful fragrances that create a multi-layered barrier around more vulnerable plants.
For newly installed dianthus, temporary physical barriers are effective until the plants mature. Placing netting or wire caging around the tender new growth can shield it until the plant establishes its robust structure and scent profile. Commercial deer repellent sprays can also be employed to deter browsing, especially in high-pressure situations. These products work by applying an unpleasant taste or by emitting an offensive odor. Repellents must be re-applied regularly, particularly after heavy rain or when new growth emerges, to maintain effectiveness.