Dental spacers, also known as orthodontic separators, are small devices commonly used as a preparatory step in orthodontic treatment. While they can cause temporary discomfort, dental spacers are generally a safe and effective component of aligning teeth for a healthy smile.
Understanding Dental Spacers
Dental spacers are small, elastic rings or tiny metal springs placed between specific teeth, most often molars. Their function is to create space between these teeth. This space allows for the placement of orthodontic bands, metal rings that anchor braces or other appliances. Without sufficient space, inserting these bands would be challenging.
Spacers typically look like small rubber bands, often blue, or small metal rings. An orthodontist uses specialized tools to gently insert the spacer between targeted teeth. They are usually worn for one to two weeks before the next stage of orthodontic treatment.
Expected Sensations and Minor Concerns
After placement, it is common to experience sensations as teeth shift. Many describe pressure or mild aching, similar to food stuck between teeth. This occurs because spacers push teeth apart, creating tension in the ligaments. Discomfort may include tenderness when biting or chewing, and soreness in the jaw or gums.
Discomfort typically peaks within 24 to 48 hours and gradually subsides over a few days. Most patients find sensations diminish significantly by the end of the first week as their mouth adjusts. Managing discomfort involves eating soft foods to minimize pressure. Over-the-counter pain relievers, like ibuprofen or acetaminophen, can also help. Warm saltwater rinses may further soothe irritated gums.
Less Common Complications
While spacers are generally well-tolerated, some less common complications can occur. One issue is irritation or inflammation of the gums around the spacer. This can happen if food particles get trapped or if proper oral hygiene is not maintained in the area. Rarely, a spacer might get lodged too deeply into the gums. If a spacer appears to be submerged or causes persistent, severe pain, immediate contact with the orthodontist is important, as it may require professional removal to prevent further issues.
Allergic reactions to the materials used in spacers, particularly rubber, are possible but uncommon. If a patient has a known latex allergy, non-latex rubber or metal spacers can be used to avoid a reaction. Spacers can also sometimes become dislodged, especially if sticky or hard foods are consumed, which is why avoiding such foods is typically advised. If a spacer falls out, the orthodontist should be notified to determine if it needs to be replaced.
Considering Other Options
While dental spacers are a common method for creating space, they are not the only option available in orthodontics. In some cases, orthodontists may employ alternative techniques to achieve the necessary spacing. One such alternative is interproximal reduction (IPR), also known as tooth stripping or slenderization.
IPR involves the mechanical removal of very small amounts of outer enamel from between adjacent teeth. This procedure creates space and can be used to address minor crowding or reshape teeth. The amount of enamel removed is minimal, typically ranging from 0.2 mm to 1 mm between each pair of teeth, and does not generally cause pain as enamel contains no nerves. The choice of method, whether spacers or alternatives like IPR, depends on an individual’s specific orthodontic needs and the orthodontist’s assessment of the most appropriate course of treatment.