Concerns about the compatibility of modern dental implants with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans are common. As dental implant procedures become popular and MRI a widely used diagnostic tool, questions arise regarding their interaction. This article clarifies the safety of dental implants during an MRI.
Understanding Dental Implants and MRI
Dental implants serve as artificial tooth roots, small posts surgically placed into the jawbone to provide a stable foundation for prosthetic teeth such as crowns, bridges, or dentures. They are predominantly made from titanium or zirconia.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) uses powerful magnetic fields and radio waves to generate detailed images of organs, soft tissues, and bones. Unlike X-rays or CT scans, MRI does not use ionizing radiation. The strong magnetic field is the primary element that raises questions about its interaction with metal objects, including dental implants.
Modern Dental Implant Materials and MRI Safety
The safety of dental implants during an MRI scan depends on their material. Most modern dental implants are made from titanium, titanium alloys, or zirconia. These materials are non-ferromagnetic, meaning they are not attracted to magnetic fields.
This non-ferromagnetic property ensures modern dental implants will not move or heat up within the strong magnetic field of an MRI scanner. These materials are considered safe for MRI examinations. Historically, concerns stemmed from older dental materials or other medical implants that might have contained ferromagnetic components, such as certain steels. However, current dental implant technology primarily uses titanium and zirconia.
Potential Considerations During an MRI Scan
While modern dental implants are generally safe during an MRI, minor considerations relate to image quality. Implants can sometimes lead to image artifacts, appearing as distortions, streaks, or signal voids on the MRI scan near the implant site.
These artifacts can occasionally obscure the view of adjacent tissues. For example, titanium implants may produce slightly larger artifacts compared to zirconia implants, measuring approximately 2.57 mm versus 0.37 mm, respectively. However, such distortions are minor and rarely prevent an accurate diagnosis. A rare sensation of warmth near the implant has been reported, though significant heating is not expected with non-ferromagnetic materials, with studies indicating temperature elevations of less than 1°C. These are not safety risks but minor inconveniences or diagnostic challenges for imaging professionals.
Important Steps Before an MRI
Individuals with dental implants preparing for an MRI scan should always inform the MRI technologist and radiologist about all medical implants. This communication helps ensure patient safety and optimal diagnostic imaging.
Patients should be prepared to provide details about their implants if available, such as type, manufacturer, and date of placement. This information assists the medical team in assessing potential interactions and adjusting scan parameters if necessary. Providing this information ensures the medical staff can tailor the imaging process for optimal results.