The Death’s-head Hawkmoth, genus Acherontia, includes three species: Acherontia atropos, Acherontia styx, and Acherontia lachesis. These large, nocturnal insects are recognized by the skull-like pattern on their thorax. Their appearance often leads to questions about their potential danger.
The Truth About Death’s-head Hawkmoths
Death’s-head Hawkmoths are not poisonous or venomous to humans or pets. They do not produce toxins that can harm through bites or stings. Their distinctive skull-like pattern, large size, and unique squeaking sound often lead to misconceptions about their danger. The common and scientific names, like Acherontia atropos, are linked to Greek mythology associated with death, further fueling their reputation.
Their appearance serves primarily as a deterrent to predators, rather than an indication of toxicity. While caterpillars might attempt to bite if roughly handled, this action is not venomous and poses no significant threat. Larvae can accumulate mild toxins from host plants like potato leaves, making them distasteful to some predators, but this does not make them poisonous to humans or other animals.
Unique Characteristics of the Moth
Death’s-head Hawkmoths are large, with Acherontia atropos reaching wingspans of 90 to 130 millimeters (3.5 to 5 inches). Their forewings display mottled brown patterns, and hindwings are bright yellow with dark bands. The most recognizable feature is the skull-like marking on their dorsal thorax.
Adult moths possess the ability to emit a loud squeaking sound when disturbed. This sound is created by expelling air through their proboscis or vibrating a specialized mouth part called the epipharynx. This vocalization acts as a defense mechanism to startle and deter predators.
Adults primarily consume flower nectar and frequently raid beehives for honey. They are adapted to enter beehives undetected by mimicking the scent of bees. Their short, stout proboscis is suited for piercing honeycombs and accessing honey. Larvae, or caterpillars, feed on various plants, preferring those in the nightshade family like potato and tomato.
Interacting with Death’s-head Hawkmoths
Encounters with Death’s-head Hawkmoths occur when they are attracted to lights at night or found near beehives. As nocturnal insects, they are active after sundown.
If you encounter a Death’s-head Hawkmoth, observe it from a distance. Avoid unnecessary handling, as they are wild creatures. Should one fly into your home, gently guide it back outside without harm.