Coyotes are not native to South Carolina, but they have become a common presence throughout the state. Their arrival is a result of a widespread expansion of their range across North America, a process that began over a century ago. These adaptable canids have successfully integrated into various ecosystems, including South Carolina’s diverse landscapes. Their current distribution reflects a natural phenomenon of species dispersal, alongside some human-assisted movement.
The Coyote’s Journey to South Carolina
Historically, coyotes primarily inhabited the open plains and arid regions of western North America. Around the turn of the 20th century, their range began to expand across North America. This continental spread was influenced by several factors, including the removal of larger predators like wolves, which reduced competition and allowed coyotes to occupy new niches. Habitat changes, such as forest fragmentation and the conversion of woodlands to agricultural lands, also created suitable environments for coyotes to thrive.
Coyotes first appeared in the upstate region of South Carolina around 1978. Their establishment in the state was a combination of natural eastward migration and, in some instances, illegal human introduction. By the mid-to-late 1990s, coyotes had become firmly established and were reported in all 46 counties of South Carolina.
Coyote Presence and Ecological Role in South Carolina
Coyotes inhabit diverse environments across South Carolina, ranging from rural forests and agricultural areas to suburban and even urban settings. They are opportunistic feeders, meaning their diet varies depending on what is available in their environment. Their typical prey includes small mammals like rabbits and rodents, but they also consume deer fawns, poultry, small livestock, and occasionally domestic pets.
In the absence of larger predators like red wolves and mountain lions, coyotes have assumed a role in the ecosystem. They help regulate populations of their prey, contributing to the balance of local wildlife. For instance, studies have indicated that coyotes prey on a significant portion of deer fawns, and the state’s deer population has seen a decline of over 30% since 2002, partly attributed to coyote predation.
Living Alongside Coyotes
Coexisting with coyotes in South Carolina involves understanding their behaviors and taking preventative measures to reduce potential conflicts. Securing outdoor trash in animal-proof containers is an important step, as coyotes are attracted to accessible food sources. Feeding pets indoors and supervising them closely when they are outside, especially at dawn and dusk, can help minimize interactions.
If a coyote becomes too comfortable around humans, hazing techniques can be employed to reinforce their natural wariness. This involves making loud noises, waving arms, or throwing small objects near the coyote to encourage it to leave. The South Carolina Department of Natural Resources (SCDNR) provides additional guidance and resources for residents on how to manage interactions with coyotes and promote peaceful coexistence.