Understanding local wildlife, like cottonmouth snakes in Ohio, is important for public safety and appreciating regional species. Accurate information helps discern fact from common misconception, fostering an informed perspective on native wildlife.
Understanding Cottonmouth Range
Cottonmouths, also known as water moccasins, are not native or established in Ohio. Their natural geographic range primarily spans the southeastern United States, extending north to southern Illinois, parts of Indiana, western Kentucky, and extreme southeastern Missouri. While an isolated individual might be transported outside its typical range, there is no evidence of breeding populations in Ohio. Reports of cottonmouths in Ohio are almost always a result of misidentification with other common water snakes.
Identifying Cottonmouths and Look-Alikes
Distinguishing cottonmouths from other water snakes is important. True cottonmouths possess several distinct features. They have a thick, blocky, triangular-shaped head noticeably wider than their neck. Their pupils are vertical slits, similar to a cat’s, and they have heat-sensing pits between their eyes and nostrils. When threatened, cottonmouths often gape their mouths, revealing a stark white, “cottony” interior, which gives them their common name. They also tend to swim with most of their body floating on the water’s surface.
Many non-venomous snakes are frequently mistaken for cottonmouths, particularly the Northern Water Snake (Nerodia sipedon), common throughout Ohio. Northern Water Snakes have round pupils and their heads are not distinctly wider than their necks, though they can flatten their heads when threatened, appearing more triangular. Their coloration varies from reddish-brown to gray or black, often with dark crossbands that can become less distinct with age. Unlike cottonmouths, Northern Water Snakes typically swim with only their heads above water. They are not venomous, though they may bite defensively if handled or provoked, and their saliva can inhibit blood coagulation.
What to Do if You Encounter a Snake
If you encounter a snake, the best approach is to remain calm and observe from a distance. Snakes generally do not seek human interaction and will only strike if they feel threatened or cornered. Simply back away slowly, giving the snake ample space to retreat on its own.
Never attempt to handle, provoke, or kill a snake, as most bites occur then. Snakes play an important role in the ecosystem, helping control rodent and insect populations. Allowing them to move undisturbed ensures safety for humans and wildlife.