Hand arthritis, particularly osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, frequently causes pain, stiffness, and reduced hand function. These conditions involve inflammation and degeneration within the small joints of the hand and wrist. Compression gloves are snug-fitting garments that apply light, constant pressure to the tissues of the hand and sometimes the wrist. This article evaluates the available evidence regarding the effectiveness of compression gloves as a non-pharmacological management option for hand arthritis symptoms.
How Compression Relieves Arthritis Symptoms
The gentle, consistent pressure from compression gloves eases discomfort and stiffness through several physiological pathways. Applying mild external pressure supports localized circulation and lymphatic drainage. This improved flow helps reduce fluid accumulation in the joint spaces and surrounding tissues, which commonly causes swelling and edema in arthritic hands.
The gloves are often made from a blend of nylon and spandex, which helps retain the body’s natural heat around the joints. This warmth can soothe aching joints and relax muscles and tendons, reducing joint stiffness, especially in the mornings. The light support provided by the garment may also enhance proprioception, the body’s sense of its own position and movement. This increased awareness contributes to better joint stability, potentially leading to less pain during activity.
What Clinical Studies Show About Efficacy
Scientific research on the effectiveness of compression gloves for arthritis presents a varied picture, often showing modest benefits. Several small-scale clinical studies have explored the impact of these gloves on objective measures like grip strength, pain levels, and finger swelling. One study found that individuals with inflammatory arthritis and hand osteoarthritis reported improvements in hand pain during activity and at night after wearing compression gloves for four weeks.
Some trials report improvements in finger joint swelling and reductions in morning stiffness, but results regarding grip strength and dexterity are often inconclusive. A recurring theme is that the benefits observed are often similar between true compression gloves and loose-fitting thermal placebo gloves. This suggests that relief may be attributed to the placebo effect or the effect of warmth and support, rather than the compression itself. The current body of evidence indicates that compression gloves offer some symptom relief, particularly for pain and swelling, but they do not halt the progression of the disease.
Practical Considerations for Using Compression Gloves
Choosing the correct compression glove involves considering design features and ensuring an accurate fit for both safety and effectiveness. Most gloves are made from a stretchy nylon and elastane blend. Users must decide between a full-coverage design and a fingerless option. Fingerless gloves are preferred for daytime use as they maintain dexterity for tasks like typing or gripping objects. Full-coverage gloves provide maximum warmth and support, and are recommended for nighttime wear to reduce morning stiffness.
Securing a proper fit is the most important factor. Gloves that are too loose will not provide the necessary pressure, while those that are too tight can restrict circulation or cause nerve damage. Users should measure the circumference of their hand around the knuckles to select the appropriate size. The fit should be snug and comfortable, but not constricting.
Compression gloves can be worn as needed, such as during painful activities or overnight, but they should not be worn constantly. Users should remove them periodically to allow the skin to breathe. Individuals with pre-existing conditions like peripheral neuropathy, severe peripheral artery disease, or open skin infections should consult a healthcare provider before use, as compression can worsen these issues.