The terms “collagen peptides” and “hydrolyzed collagen” are frequently seen on supplement labels, creating confusion for consumers. These two names refer to the exact same product. The difference lies solely in semantics: one describes the manufacturing process, and the other describes the resulting molecular structure. Understanding the protein’s original structure and the manufacturing process clarifies why these terms are used interchangeably for the same highly absorbable product.
Defining the Native Protein: What is Collagen?
Collagen is the most abundant protein in the human body, serving as the primary structural component of connective tissues like skin, tendons, ligaments, and bone. In its native form, the protein consists of three polypeptide chains that coil around one another to form a triple-helix structure. This complex arrangement provides tensile strength and structural integrity. The native collagen molecule is exceptionally large, possessing a high molecular weight of approximately 300,000 Daltons (Da), which makes it virtually insoluble and difficult for the digestive system to break down and absorb efficiently.
Hydrolysis and the Creation of Collagen Peptides
The process that transforms the large, native protein into a usable supplement is called hydrolysis. During manufacturing, native collagen, typically sourced from animal byproducts, is subjected to a controlled breakdown using heat, water, and specific proteolytic enzymes. This chemical reaction cleaves the long polypeptide chains of the triple helix into smaller fragments.
These resulting short-chain fragments of amino acids are known as peptides. The term “hydrolyzed collagen” describes the protein that has undergone the hydrolysis process. Conversely, “collagen peptides” describes the product’s resulting molecular form. Supplements may also be labeled as “collagen hydrolysate,” which is a synonym for the same end product ready for absorption.
Why Molecular Size Matters for Bioavailability
The functional consequence of hydrolysis is a reduction in molecular size, which directly addresses bioavailability. Bioavailability refers to the rate and extent to which a substance is absorbed into the bloodstream and becomes available to the body for use. The native collagen molecule is too massive to pass through the gut lining intact.
The hydrolysis process reduces the molecular weight from roughly 300,000 Da to a range typically between 3,000 and 6,000 Da. This small size allows the peptides, particularly the di- and tripeptides, to be absorbed directly through the intestinal wall and into the bloodstream. This efficient uptake ensures the amino acid building blocks reach target tissues like skin and joints.
Understanding Different Collagen Types and Sources
While the chemical structure of collagen peptides is consistent, the source and type of the original native collagen introduce distinctions for the consumer. Over 28 types of collagen exist in the body, but supplements generally focus on Types I, II, and III. Type I collagen is the most abundant, supporting skin, bone, and tendons. It is often found alongside Type III, which supports skin, muscle, and blood vessels.
The source animal determines the primary type of collagen in the supplement.
Bovine Collagen
Bovine collagen, sourced from cows, is rich in Types I and III, making it a versatile option for skin and bone health.
Marine Collagen
Marine collagen, derived from fish skin and scales, is primarily Type I and is often favored for its concentration of peptides linked to skin benefits.
Chicken Collagen
Chicken collagen is typically sourced from cartilage and is rich in Type II, a form targeted for supporting joint and cartilage health.