The short answer to whether Cherry Laurel berries are poisonous is yes, they are toxic. This popular ornamental shrub (Prunus laurocerasus) is frequently planted in gardens and landscapes. While admired for its glossy evergreen foliage, all parts of the plant contain compounds that can be harmful if ingested. This widespread accessibility poses a risk of accidental poisoning for curious children and household pets.
Which Parts of the Plant Contain Poison
The toxicity of Prunus laurocerasus stems from chemical compounds called cyanogenic glycosides. The most common is amygdalin, which is stored within the cellular structure. When the plant material is chewed, crushed, or digested, enzymes break down these glycosides, releasing hydrogen cyanide (HCN), a potent poison often referred to as prussic acid.
While the entire plant contains these toxins, the concentration varies significantly across different parts. The highest levels are found in the seeds, or pits, inside the dark berries. The concentration of glycosides is also higher in young plants and during the summer months.
Wilting or damaged leaves also contain elevated levels of glycosides, making improperly discarded clippings a potential hazard. The fleshy pulp of the berry contains only small amounts of these glycosides, making it less toxic than the hard seed it encases. The release of the toxin starves animal tissues of oxygen, severely affecting the central nervous system.
Symptoms of Poisoning and Emergency Steps
Symptoms of poisoning can manifest quickly, depending on the amount consumed and whether the seeds were chewed. Initial signs in humans include headache, dizziness, and confusion. As the poison interferes with cellular respiration, individuals may experience rapid breathing, nausea, abdominal pain, and vomiting.
In severe cases of exposure, the cyanide can lead to significant oxygen deprivation at the cellular level. This progression can result in weakness, tremors, convulsions, and potentially respiratory failure without prompt medical intervention. Swift recognition of these escalating symptoms is important.
For pets, especially dogs and cats, ingestion often results in gastrointestinal signs like vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal discomfort. More severe signs can include excessive drooling, difficulty breathing, and collapse. Any suspected ingestion requires immediate attention.
Immediate action is required if any part of the cherry laurel plant is suspected to have been ingested. Call the national Poison Control Center at 1-800-222-1222 immediately for expert guidance. This hotline is staffed by specialists who can assess the situation and provide appropriate treatment advice. Provide the medical professional with precise details about what was consumed and the amount, if known. For household pets, veterinary emergency care must be sought immediately, and owners should bring a sample of the plant material for accurate identification.
Identifying Cherry Laurel and Safe Handling
Recognizing the Cherry Laurel shrub is the first step in managing its risk in a home landscape. The plant is characterized by its thick, leathery, dark green leaves that maintain a glossy appearance year-round. The leaves are oval-shaped and range from three to eight inches long. It blooms in the spring, producing upright clusters of small, fragrant white flowers.
The mature fruit resembles a small, dark cherry, developing into a purplish-black color in the late summer and fall. Homeowners should exercise caution when pruning, as damaged or wilting leaves are more potent. Wearing gardening gloves protects the skin, and all clippings should be promptly disposed of, rather than left lying where pets might access them.
Strategic planting offers a preventative measure for mitigating accidental ingestion risks. Avoid placing the Cherry Laurel in areas where toddlers or grazing pets frequently play or have direct access. Regular inspection and removal of fallen berries also reduces the chance of children or animals eating the fruit.