Many people are concerned about the plants around their homes, especially with children or pets present. The “cedar berry” often prompts questions, as it can appear in various landscapes and may look appealing. Understanding the true nature of these berries is important for ensuring the safety of both humans and animals.
Understanding Cedar Berries
“Cedar berries” are actually the cones produced by various species of Juniper (Juniperus), a genus within the cypress family. These are not true berries, but modified seed cones with fleshy, fused scales that give them a berry-like appearance. They are small, round, and can range from blue to black, often covered with a waxy, whitish film.
Juniper plants are evergreen conifers, widely distributed and common in many residential and wild environments. Common names like “Eastern Redcedar” (Juniperus virginiana) contribute to confusion, as these are juniper species, not true cedars. These plants can grow as groundcovers, shrubs, or full-sized trees.
Toxicity of Cedar Berries
These juniper cones vary in toxicity depending on the species and amount ingested. Most juniper berries have low toxicity, especially for humans, typically causing mild gastrointestinal upset. However, some species, such as Juniperus sabina (Savin Juniper) and Juniperus oxycedrus, are significantly more toxic and should be avoided.
Adverse effects stem from volatile oils in the berries, including compounds like thujone and sabinene. Thujone can cause stomach upset and kidney issues in large quantities. Savin oil, found in Juniperus sabina, contains podophyllotoxin, which can be highly irritating to the digestive tract and potentially fatal.
For humans, consuming large amounts can lead to mild toxicity. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should avoid juniper berries due to an increased risk of miscarriage. For pets, including dogs and cats, juniper berries, needles, and stems are classified as minor toxins. While often not fatal, ingestion can cause illness, and larger quantities or specific species like Juniperus sabina can lead to more serious issues, including kidney damage. Horses, pigs, goats, and chickens should also avoid consumption.
Symptoms of Ingestion
Ingestion of juniper cones often leads to digestive disturbances in both humans and animals. Common symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and stomach cramps. The severity of these symptoms depends on the amount consumed and the specific juniper species involved.
For pets, mild gastrointestinal upset, such as vomiting and diarrhea, is frequently observed. Cats, in particular, may experience severe abdominal pain if they ingest any part of the juniper plant. With large ingestions or more toxic varieties, more severe symptoms like kidney damage, convulsions, or increased heart rate can occur. Skin contact with juniper plants may also lead to irritation or dermatitis in sensitive individuals.
What to Do in Case of Exposure
If you suspect a human has ingested juniper berries, contact a poison control center immediately. Having information readily available, such as the estimated amount ingested, the time of ingestion, and any observed symptoms, will assist medical professionals. Do not attempt to induce vomiting unless specifically instructed by a healthcare provider.
For pets, if ingestion is suspected, contact your veterinarian or an animal poison control center without delay. Provide them with details about the type of plant, the quantity consumed, and any symptoms your pet is exhibiting. It is always safer to seek professional advice, even if symptoms appear mild, as some effects may be delayed or more serious than initially apparent.
Preventative measures can significantly reduce the risk of accidental ingestion. Educating children about not eating unknown berries or plants in the garden is a crucial first step. For pets, supervise them while outdoors and ensure that juniper plants, especially known toxic varieties, are not easily accessible. Physical barriers, such as fencing, can also be effective in deterring curious animals.