The question of whether “cedar berries” are poisonous is a common concern for homeowners and pet owners, largely because these plants are widely used in landscaping. Many people encounter these small, blue-purple growths in parks and gardens and wonder about the risk they pose if ingested. The answer is not a simple yes or no, as the term itself is botanically misleading, and the safety profile depends entirely on correct plant identification. The potential for harm ranges from a mild stomach ache to more severe complications. Understanding the underlying plant science is necessary to ensure the safety of both children and pets.
The Critical Distinction: Juniper Berries Versus True Cedar
The common name “cedar berry” is a misnomer, as the growths in question do not come from a true cedar tree. True cedars belong to the genus Cedrus and produce small, woody cones, not the fleshy, berry-like structures often seen. The plants that produce these growths are actually junipers, which are part of the Juniperus genus. The growths themselves are modified seed cones, botanically known as galbuli.
This confusion is compounded by species like the Eastern Redcedar (Juniperus virginiana), which is a juniper but is commonly called a cedar. All plants in the Juniperus genus produce these berry-like cones, but the concentration of chemical compounds varies widely among the more than 50 species. For example, the cones of Juniperus communis are used for culinary purposes and gin flavoring, while other species, such as Juniperus sabina (Savin Juniper), are recognized as highly toxic.
Toxicity Levels and Risk Assessment
The toxic properties of juniper cones are primarily due to the presence of volatile essential oils, including terpene hydrocarbons and a compound called thujone. Thujone is a potent substance that affects the nervous system and is the main source of concern for poisoning. The concentration of this oil determines the degree of risk, which is why ingesting large amounts is discouraged, even within edible Juniperus species.
For humans, accidental ingestion of a few cones from common landscape varieties typically results in only mild gastrointestinal distress. Symptoms often include a sensation of warmth in the stomach, abdominal cramps, vomiting, and diarrhea. However, consuming large quantities of any species or the highly concentrated essential oil can lead to more serious issues, including irritation of the kidney tissues.
The risk is generally more significant for pets, particularly small dogs and cats, because of their lower body weight and higher sensitivity. Ingestion of juniper parts, including the cones, needles, and stems, is classified as mildly toxic to dogs and cats. The thujone and savin oil irritate the stomach lining, causing vomiting and diarrhea. They can also irritate the kidneys due to the plant’s diuretic properties. While rarely fatal, consuming a high volume can lead to more severe kidney damage or neurological problems, such as tremors, especially in cats.
Recognizing Symptoms and Emergency Response
In humans, especially children, symptoms of ingestion are largely gastrointestinal, including sudden vomiting, stomach pain, and diarrhea. In pets, observable effects often include lethargy or weakness, excessive drooling, and signs of abdominal discomfort. More severe reactions in animals can manifest as excessive thirst or urination, suggesting kidney irritation, or even coordination issues and tremors.
If you suspect a child has ingested juniper berries, contact Poison Control at 1-800-222-1222 immediately. Be prepared to provide the child’s age, weight, the type of plant ingested, and an estimate of the amount and time of ingestion. If a pet has consumed the cones, contact your veterinarian or a pet poison control hotline immediately for professional guidance. Never attempt to induce vomiting or administer any home remedies unless specifically instructed to do so by a medical or veterinary professional. Seeking immediate professional advice ensures the appropriate course of treatment.