Caribou are known for their extensive migrations in northern landscapes. While many wonder if they pose a threat, caribou are generally not aggressive towards people and prefer to avoid human contact. However, like all wild animals, they can exhibit defensive behaviors, particularly if threatened or during certain times of the year. Understanding their natural behaviors helps in safely coexisting with them.
Caribou Temperament
Caribou are typically shy and elusive animals that instinctively avoid human presence. Their natural response to perceived threats is to flee rather than confront. They often travel in large herds, sometimes numbering in the thousands, moving constantly in search of food. Their adaptation to vast, open environments contributes to their generally non-aggressive disposition. Caribou are known for their calm nature and do not typically display aggression unless provoked.
When Caribou Can Be Dangerous
While generally peaceful, caribou can become dangerous in specific situations, primarily when they feel threatened or during certain biological periods. Male caribou, known as bulls, exhibit heightened aggression during the rutting season, which typically occurs from late September to early November. During this time, bulls engage in intense competition for mating rights, often involving antler clashes. Caution is warranted if humans are in close proximity to rutting bulls.
Female caribou, or cows, are fiercely protective of their young calves, especially during the calving period in May and early June. A mother will defend her calf if she perceives a direct threat. If a caribou feels cornered or directly provoked, it may also respond defensively, regardless of the season. Caribou can also become bolder and unpredictable if habituated to human presence, often due to being fed. Additionally, an injured or sick caribou may be more prone to unpredictable or defensive behavior.
Staying Safe Around Caribou
To minimize the risk of negative encounters with caribou, maintaining a respectful distance is paramount. Wildlife experts advise keeping a significant buffer, generally at least 100 yards, to avoid disturbing these animals. Never approach caribou, especially during sensitive periods like calving or rutting seasons. Feeding them should always be avoided as it can lead to habituation.
When in caribou habitat, be aware of your surroundings and avoid sudden movements or loud noises to prevent startling them. If a caribou approaches or displays defensive behavior, such as stomping or lowering its head, remain calm. Slowly back away while facing the animal to avoid appearing as a threat. Making yourself appear larger by raising your arms can sometimes deter an approaching animal, but never run, as this might trigger a chase response.