Capybaras are unique, semi-aquatic rodents native to South America. Their distinct appearance and calm demeanor often lead to questions about their size and whether they are the largest rodent. This article explores their biology, clarifying their status and the factors contributing to their impressive scale.
Are Capybaras the Largest Rodent?
Capybaras are the largest living rodent species globally. These semi-aquatic mammals can grow to the size of a medium-sized dog. An adult capybara typically measures 3.2 to 4.2 feet (100 to 130 centimeters) in length and stands 1.6 to 2 feet (50 to 60 centimeters) tall at the shoulder. Their weight usually ranges from 60 to 174 pounds (27 to 79 kilograms), with females sometimes being slightly heavier. This considerable size firmly establishes their position as the largest rodent.
What Makes Capybaras So Big?
Capybaras’ large size results from biological adaptations and ecological factors. Their robust, barrel-shaped body provides a sturdy framework. A key aspect of their large build is their semi-aquatic lifestyle, allowing them to spend significant time in water. Water supports their weight, easing movement and aiding thermoregulation in warm climates.
They possess physical features suited for watery habitats, including partially webbed feet for swimming and navigating muddy terrain. Their eyes, ears, and nostrils are positioned high on their heads, enabling them to remain mostly submerged while breathing and observing for predators.
Their diet of abundant grasses and aquatic plants also supports their large size. An adult capybara can consume 6 to 8 pounds of fresh vegetation daily. Their front teeth grow continuously, which helps manage wear from grinding tough plant material. They also engage in coprophagy, eating their own feces to maximize nutrient absorption from their fibrous diet.
How Capybaras Compare to Other Large Rodents
While capybaras are the largest living rodents, several other species also exhibit considerable size. Beavers are the second-largest rodents globally. The North American beaver can weigh up to 85 pounds and measure 29 to 35 inches in body length, making them notably smaller than capybaras.
Other large rodents include various porcupine species, such as the Cape porcupine, which can reach weights of up to 66 pounds. Patagonian maras, sometimes referred to as Patagonian cavies, are also sizable rodents, typically weighing between 15 to 35 pounds. Nutrias, or coypus, are semi-aquatic rodents that resemble large rats, generally weighing between 15 and 37 pounds and measuring 28 to 42 inches in length. Despite the sizes of these other species, the capybara consistently surpasses them in both mass and overall length, solidifying its position as the largest rodent.