Canker sores, or aphthous ulcers, are small, shallow lesions that develop on the soft tissues inside the mouth, such as the tongue, inner cheeks, or gums. These sores are not contagious, but they can be painful, causing discomfort when speaking or eating. Experiencing these lesions during pregnancy often raises questions about their cause and how to safely manage the pain and healing process.
Why They Appear During Pregnancy
The body’s dramatic physiological shifts during pregnancy make expectant individuals more susceptible to developing oral lesions. A primary factor is the rapid fluctuation of hormones, specifically increased levels of estrogen and progesterone. These hormonal changes alter the oral environment, making tissues more sensitive and prone to inflammation.
Pregnancy also involves natural modifications to the immune system, which alters the body’s inflammatory response and leaves the mouth more vulnerable to minor irritations. The increased demands of a developing fetus can also lead to nutritional deficiencies. Lower levels of micronutrients, including iron, folate, and B vitamins, are strongly associated with the formation of aphthous ulcers.
Stress and fatigue, common aspects of gestation, can also act as triggers for these sores. Morning sickness, which exposes the mouth to stomach acid, may also contribute to irritation and development of these painful spots.
Safety Concerns for Mother and Baby
Canker sores are localized to the mouth and pose no systemic risk or direct threat to the developing fetus. These ulcers are surface-level irritations that do not affect the course of the pregnancy or the baby’s health. They are a benign, uncomfortable side effect of the body’s changes.
The only potential concern arises if the sores are severe enough to interfere with adequate nutrition and hydration. Extreme pain that prevents regular eating can lead to inadequate nutrient intake, which is not ideal during pregnancy. If the canker sores are unusually large, persist for longer than two weeks, recur frequently, or are accompanied by fever, consult a healthcare provider to rule out other underlying issues.
Safe Relief and Treatment Options
Safe and effective management during pregnancy focuses on local relief and accelerating the healing process. One of the most recommended home remedies is rinsing the mouth several times a day with a warm saltwater solution. A mixture of baking soda and water can also be used as a rinse or a paste applied directly to the sore, as it helps neutralize acids and promotes healing.
Dietary adjustments are important to prevent further irritation; this means temporarily avoiding abrasive, spicy, or highly acidic foods like citrus fruits or tomatoes. Topical oral gels containing mild anesthetics, such as benzocaine, can offer temporary pain relief. However, any use of these products should be discussed with an obstetrician or dentist first to confirm safety during pregnancy.
Maintaining proper nutrition is a therapeutic approach, particularly ensuring adequate intake of B vitamins and iron, often managed through prenatal vitamins. Pregnant individuals should strictly avoid taking any systemic medications or unapproved over-the-counter products without explicit medical guidance. Using a soft-bristled toothbrush and exercising gentle oral hygiene prevents accidental trauma to the sensitive tissue.