When expecting a baby, products that release chemicals into the air require a second look for safety. Pregnancy introduces a heightened sensitivity to airborne substances, making indoor air quality a significant consideration. Concerns arise because some components in candles, when burned, can release compounds that may affect hormonal balance or contribute to indoor air pollution. Understanding these potential risks allows pregnant individuals to make informed choices.
Risks Associated with Wax and Wicks
The composition of the candle wax itself is a primary factor in the type of emissions released into the air upon combustion. Many conventional candles are made from paraffin wax, which is a byproduct of petroleum refining. Burning paraffin wax can release Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) such as toluene and benzene, which are known irritants and potential carcinogens. These compounds contribute to indoor air pollution, and long-term exposure may be a concern, particularly in poorly ventilated spaces.
Plant-based waxes, like soy, coconut, or beeswax, generally burn cleaner than paraffin and produce less soot. These natural alternatives are preferred because they are not petroleum-based. However, even these waxes produce some soot and particulate matter, especially if the wick is too long or the candle is burning incorrectly.
The wick material presents a potential risk, although this is largely historical. Wicks with metal cores were once used and some contained lead, which is harmful. While lead-core wicks were banned in the United States in 2003, selecting candles with wicks made from 100% cotton or wood avoids this risk.
Concerns Regarding Synthetic Fragrances
Beyond the wax and wick, synthetic fragrances introduce the most significant chemical concern for expectant mothers. These fragrance oils often contain phthalates, which are used to help the scent last longer and stabilize the mixture. Phthalates are classified as endocrine disruptors, meaning they can interfere with the body’s hormonal system. When a scented candle is burned, these phthalates are released into the air and inhaled.
During pregnancy, the endocrine system is playing a complex role in supporting fetal development, and even minor disruptions may carry potential risks. Exposure to phthalates during the prenatal period has been linked in some studies to developmental issues, including effects on fetal brain development and placental health.
Some consumers turn to candles scented with natural essential oils, believing them safer than synthetic fragrance oils. However, essential oils are concentrated chemical compounds whose safety profile changes when burned, potentially creating new irritants. Many essential oils, such as rosemary, cinnamon, and clary sage, are contraindicated for use during pregnancy. The safest approach involves checking with a healthcare provider and exercising caution, particularly during the first trimester.
Safer Alternatives and Usage Recommendations
To minimize exposure to harmful compounds, look for candles explicitly labeled as phthalate-free. Choosing candles made from 100% natural waxes, such as pure beeswax or soy, reduces the release of VOCs and soot compared to paraffin. When selecting a scented candle, opt for ones that use natural essential oils that are deemed safe for pregnancy and are free of synthetic additives.
The cleanest option remains choosing unscented candles entirely, particularly those made from 100% pure beeswax with a cotton wick, as this eliminates the risk associated with all added fragrances. When a candle is burning, good ventilation is a simple measure to dilute any airborne particles and fumes. This can be achieved by opening a window or ensuring an air purifier is running nearby.
Limiting the amount of time a candle is burned and ensuring the wick is trimmed to about a quarter-inch before each use also helps minimize soot production. For those who want ambient light or fragrance without any flame or combustion byproducts, non-flame alternatives are available. Options like electric wax warmers, which melt scented wax without burning it, or essential oil diffusers that use cold mist, eliminate the risks associated with the burning process.