Scented candles create a cozy atmosphere, but they raise questions for pregnant individuals regarding toxins and air quality in their home environment. While using a candle is generally not an acute danger, certain ingredients and burning practices warrant caution during gestation. The primary concern revolves around the compounds released during combustion, which can affect indoor air quality. Making informed choices about the type of candle and how it is used can reduce potential exposure to irritants and pollutants.
Understanding Common Candle Emissions
Candles introduce various substances into the air, with the primary sources of concern being Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and fine particulate matter, commonly known as soot. The type of wax used determines the volume and composition of these emissions. Paraffin wax, a common and inexpensive choice derived from petroleum, releases a range of VOCs when burned.
Natural waxes, such as soy, coconut, and beeswax, generally offer a cleaner burn and release fewer pollutants compared to paraffin-based products. VOCs are chemicals that easily vaporize at room temperature. Those released by candles can include formaldehyde, benzene, and toluene, which are linked to various health concerns. Highly fragranced or dyed candles are particularly problematic because synthetic fragrances and dyes contribute to the overall release of VOCs.
The wick material itself can also be a source of emissions. Today, wicks are typically made of cotton, but a wick that is too long or improperly trimmed will produce more soot, which is fine particulate matter. This soot can travel deep into the lungs when inhaled. The quality and additives in the wax influence the overall air pollutant emissions from any candle.
Potential Impact of Indoor Air Quality on Pregnancy
The chemicals and particles released by burning candles contribute to indoor air quality, which is especially relevant during pregnancy. Both the maternal and developing fetal systems can be sensitive to airborne irritants and particulate matter. Inhaling VOCs can irritate the respiratory tract and may exacerbate existing conditions like asthma or trigger symptoms such as headaches and nausea in the pregnant mother.
Exposure to poor indoor air quality, particularly high concentrations of VOCs, is a subject of ongoing research regarding fetal development. Studies have explored correlations between maternal exposure to air pollutants and adverse outcomes, such as lower birth weights. Chemical contaminants can cross the placenta, transferring exposure from the mother to the fetus, similar to substances like alcohol or tobacco smoke.
The risk is highly dependent on the concentration of the pollutants and the duration of exposure. Burning candles in small, poorly ventilated spaces allows these compounds and fine soot particles to accumulate, raising the level of concern. Sensitive individuals, like those who are pregnant, should aim to minimize exposure. The cumulative exposure to various VOC sources indoors, including candles, air fresheners, and cleaning products, is the factor that warrants the most attention.
Choosing Safer Scents and Alternatives
Pregnant individuals can take practical steps to reduce exposure while still enjoying a pleasant home environment. Prioritizing natural waxes, such as soy or beeswax, over paraffin is a sensible first choice, as these alternatives release fewer harmful compounds. Choosing unscented candles is the simplest way to reduce VOC exposure, since fragrance oils are a major source of air pollutants.
If fragrance is desired, look for options that use natural essential oils and are labeled as phthalate-free. Proper candle maintenance is also important; consistently trimming the wick to about a quarter-inch before each burn reduces the amount of soot and smoke produced. Always ensure that the room is well-ventilated when a candle is burning to prevent the buildup of airborne contaminants.
Non-Combustion Alternatives
For those who wish to avoid flame entirely, several non-combustion alternatives are available.