The common ornamental shrubs known as camellias, primarily Camellia japonica and Camellia sasanqua, are generally considered non-toxic to both humans and pets. This widely cultivated plant, prized for its showy winter and spring blooms, does not contain the recognized toxins found in many other garden shrubs. Accidental nibbling on the leaves or flowers by a child or pet is unlikely to cause serious poisoning.
Toxicity Status for Humans and Pets
The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) officially lists Camellia japonica as non-toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. This rating is consistent across major poison control centers and veterinary toxicologists for the ornamental varieties typically grown in yards. Unlike plants such as rhododendrons or azaleas, which contain highly toxic grayanotoxins, camellias lack any recognized poisonous compounds that pose a systemic threat. The plant’s safety profile extends to humans, with various poison control centers also rating the ornamental camellia species as safe for ingestion. However, consuming any plant material in large quantities can still lead to mild, mechanical distress.
Ingestion of a significant amount of the leathery leaves or fibrous stems may cause temporary gastrointestinal upset, such as vomiting or diarrhea, simply because the body struggles to digest the tough material. This reaction is a physical irritation, not a toxicological poisoning, and typically resolves on its own.
Clarifying Camellia Identity and Confusion
The frequent concern regarding camellia toxicity stems from the fact that the entire genus, Camellia, includes the plant responsible for all true tea. This species is Camellia sinensis, from which green, black, oolong, and white teas are derived. While Camellia sinensis is also non-toxic, its leaves contain significant levels of caffeine and related compounds. Consuming large amounts of Camellia sinensis leaves, especially by a small child or pet, could potentially lead to caffeine-related symptoms like an elevated heart rate, restlessness, or stomach distress. The ornamental species, such as C. japonica and C. sasanqua, do not contain detectable levels of caffeine.
Handling Accidental Ingestion
Even though ornamental camellias are not poisonous, monitoring is necessary if a child or pet has ingested plant material. The primary concern is the potential for a physical blockage or choking hazard from swallowing large pieces of the fibrous leaves or stems. Monitoring the individual for mechanical symptoms of mild vomiting or diarrhea is the appropriate first step. If ingestion is suspected, or if any symptoms beyond mild stomach upset occur, professional consultation is recommended.
Contact Information
- For human ingestion, call the national Poison Help Line at 1-800-222-1222 for free, confidential medical guidance.
- For pets, contact the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center at 888-426-4435 or the Pet Poison Helpline at 855-764-7661.