The butterfly bush (Buddleia davidii and related species) is a popular garden shrub, celebrated for its long-lasting, fragrant blooms that attract a variety of pollinators, especially butterflies. Gardeners appreciate its ease of care. However, a common concern for those in areas with active wildlife is whether this plant can withstand browsing pressure from deer. This article addresses the plant’s resistance level and provides practical advice for its protection.
Status of Deer Resistance
The consensus among experts is that the butterfly bush is reliably deer-resistant. It is often categorized as “Rarely Damaged” by deer browsing. This classification indicates that while no plant is completely immune, this shrub is seldom selected as a primary food source. The term “resistant” does not mean “deer-proof.” Deer may sample nearly any plant, but they consistently prefer other foliage, making the butterfly bush a favored choice for areas with high deer populations.
Plant Characteristics That Deter Deer
The butterfly bush possesses several biological traits that naturally make it unappealing to deer. The foliage often contains compounds that give the leaves a strong, pungent odor that deer actively avoid. Deer rely heavily on their sense of smell to determine food quality, and this scent acts as an effective deterrent. The texture of the leaves also contributes to low palatability. Many Buddleia varieties have leaves covered in fine, dense hairs, giving them a fuzzy or velvety texture (tomentose). Deer generally prefer plants with smooth, soft leaves, and this rough surface discourages chewing.
Situations Where Deer May Browse
Despite its natural defenses, deer will browse a butterfly bush under specific circumstances. The primary reason is extreme food scarcity, such as during severe drought, heavy snow cover, or in areas with high deer population density. When preferred food sources are unavailable, deer may resort to eating plants they would normally ignore. Young or newly planted shrubs are particularly vulnerable because they lack the established woody stems and mature, pungent foliage of older plants. New spring growth is also softer and less fibrous than mature leaves, making it more appealing to a hungry deer.
Strategies for Protecting Butterfly Bushes
Gardeners dealing with persistent browsing can implement several strategies to protect their plants. For newly planted or smaller shrubs, installing temporary physical barriers like netting or a short, wire cage prevents browsing until the plant is established. The barrier should be secured firmly to the ground. Applying deer repellents is also effective, especially during vulnerable periods like early spring growth. These products are scent-based or taste-based and should be alternated to prevent deer from becoming accustomed to a single formula. Strategic placement of the butterfly bush, such as positioning it near the home or alongside plants that deer actively dislike, is also recommended.