Brown centipedes are not poisonous, but they are venomous. This distinction is important because it clarifies how these creatures can affect humans. Poisonous organisms cause harm if they are ingested or absorbed, while venomous organisms inject toxins, typically through a bite or sting. Brown centipedes, like all centipedes, possess specialized structures to deliver their venom.
Understanding Centipede Venom
Centipedes administer venom through modified front legs called forcipules, which act like pincers. These structures pierce the skin and inject venom.
Centipede venom is a complex mixture of various chemical compounds. It contains proteins, peptides, and enzymes, including neurotoxins and phospholipase A2. The components within the venom are designed to disrupt the nervous system and tissues of prey. Many of the active compounds in centipede venom target ion channels, which are essential for nerve signal transmission. This action can lead to pain or paralysis in their prey.
What to Expect After a Bite
A brown centipede bite results in immediate, localized symptoms. Common reactions include sharp pain, redness, and swelling at the site of the bite. There may also be a burning sensation or itching in the affected area. The bite often leaves two distinct puncture marks.
While symptoms usually subside within 48 hours, they can persist for several days, depending on the individual’s reaction and the amount of venom injected. In rare instances, systemic symptoms such as nausea, headache, dizziness, or even a low-grade fever might occur. Swollen lymph nodes are also reported.
When to Seek Medical Attention and First Aid
If bitten by a brown centipede, promptly clean the affected area with soap and water to prevent infection. Apply a cold compress for 10 to 15 minutes to reduce pain and swelling. Over-the-counter pain relievers or antihistamines may also provide relief.
Medical attention should be sought if pain is severe and not relieved by over-the-counter medication, or if symptoms worsen after 48 hours. Signs of infection, such as increasing redness, warmth, pus, or a foul odor, warrant professional evaluation. An allergic reaction, indicated by symptoms like hives, widespread rash, dizziness, difficulty breathing, or swelling of the lips, face, or throat, requires immediate emergency medical care.
Distinguishing Brown Centipedes and Prevention
Brown centipedes have flattened, elongated, reddish-brown bodies. They are characterized by having one pair of legs per body segment, which distinguishes them from millipedes that have two pairs per segment. Many common brown centipede species found indoors, like the house centipede, are about 1 to 1.5 inches long and possess 15 pairs of legs.
These creatures prefer moist, dark environments, often found outdoors under rocks, logs, and leaf litter. Indoors, they may inhabit damp basements, bathrooms, and crawl spaces.
To prevent encounters, reduce moisture indoors by using dehumidifiers and fixing leaky pipes. Sealing cracks and gaps in foundations, windows, and doors can block entry points. Removing clutter, leaf litter, and woodpiles near the home also eliminates their hiding spots and food sources.