The Bleeding Heart plant (Lamprocapnos spectabilis) is a beloved perennial for shade gardens in temperate climates. Its common name comes from the distinct, heart-shaped flowers that appear on delicate, arching stems in the spring. For many gardeners, the concern of deer grazing is a common issue in suburban and woodland areas. Determining whether this beautiful, shade-loving perennial can withstand the appetite of local deer populations is a necessary inquiry for successful gardening.
The Definitive Answer on Deer Resistance
Gardeners can generally consider the Bleeding Heart plant a reliable choice for areas with deer activity. Horticultural experts consistently classify this perennial as deer resistant, often placing it in the category of plants that are “rarely damaged” by browsing. While no plant is entirely immune from a hungry animal, the Bleeding Heart is far down the list of preferred food sources for deer.
Why Bleeding Hearts Are Generally Avoided
The primary reason deer avoid the Bleeding Heart is its chemical composition, which serves as a potent internal defense mechanism. The entire plant contains compounds known as isoquinoline alkaloids. These naturally occurring chemicals are toxic to many animals and impart an extremely bitter and disagreeable taste. Deer possess a highly developed sense of taste and smell which they use to test potential food sources. When a deer samples the foliage or stem, the bitterness of the alkaloids signals that the plant is unpalatable or harmful, prompting the animal to quickly seek better options.
When Deer Ignore the Rules
Despite the plant’s strong chemical defenses, “resistance” is not the same as “immunity.” Deer may disregard their usual preferences under specific, high-pressure circumstances. Extreme environmental conditions, such as severe drought or a harsh winter that depletes other food sources, can force deer to consume plants they would normally ignore. Similarly, high deer population density and competition for food can overcome an animal’s natural aversion. Occasionally, deer will sample the new, tender growth that emerges in early spring, but this is typically a test bite rather than sustained feeding.
Active Protection Strategies
Gardeners dealing with persistent deer can employ a combination of physical and chemical deterrents.
Chemical Deterrents
Topical deer repellents work by appealing to the deer’s sense of smell and taste, often containing ingredients like egg solids or capsaicin. These products must be reapplied regularly, especially after rain or as new foliage emerges, to maintain their effectiveness.
Physical Barriers
Physical barriers offer the most reliable defense, especially for new or prized plants. Temporary, low-visibility netting or a short perimeter fence can be installed around the plant or garden bed. A simple, low obstacle can be enough to deter them from a specific area.