Are Black King Snakes Poisonous?
Black king snakes (Lampropeltis nigra) are not venomous. They belong to the Colubridae family, primarily non-venomous species. Instead of venom, they subdue prey by constriction, coiling tightly until the animal can no longer breathe.
Their varied diet includes rodents, birds, lizards, and other snakes. Black king snakes prey on other snakes, including venomous species like rattlesnakes, copperheads, and cottonmouths. They resist pit viper venom from their native habitats, making them effective predators of these dangerous snakes. This characteristic contributes to their beneficial role in local ecosystems by controlling populations of other snakes and rodents.
Identifying Black King Snakes
Black king snakes grow to a moderate to large size, with adults reaching 3 to 4.5 feet (90-120 centimeters). Some exceed 5 feet. Their bodies are cylindrical with smooth, shiny scales. While primarily uniformly black, some may exhibit subtle patterns such as faint yellow or white speckles, especially along their sides, or have a white throat.
The head is small and not distinctly wider than its neck. A distinguishing feature is white bars on their upper labial (lip) scales, creating a “piano key” pattern. They are found in various habitats across the southeastern United States, including woodlands, forests, grasslands, and suburban areas. They prefer locations near water sources or with ample cover.
What to Do When You See a Black King Snake
Encountering a black king snake requires a calm approach. These snakes are docile and non-aggressive unless threatened or provoked. If you see one, the best action is to observe it from a respectful distance, allowing it to move away on its own. Avoid attempting to handle the snake, as it may bite as a defensive mechanism, and while not venomous, any bite should be cleaned to prevent infection.
Black king snakes contribute positively to the environment, acting as natural pest control by preying on rodents and other snakes. Their presence can indicate a healthy ecosystem. If a snake is in an undesirable location, such as a road, you may safely encourage it to move in its intended direction using a long stick or broom. However, if you are unsure of the snake species or uncomfortable, it is always safest to leave it undisturbed.