Bird feathers are natural structures that birds periodically shed through a process called molting, particularly after breeding seasons. These coverings are often found in outdoor environments. When discovering a feather, questions often arise regarding the safety of handling it and the legality of keeping it. This article explores health considerations and legal frameworks surrounding wild bird feathers.
Potential Health Risks
Handling wild bird feathers can carry health considerations due to exposure to microorganisms and parasites. Feathers can harbor bacteria such as Salmonella and E. coli, often originating from bird feces that may contaminate them. These bacteria can survive in the environment for extended periods.
Fungi, like Histoplasma capsulatum (which causes Histoplasmosis), can also be present. This fungus thrives in soil enriched by bird or bat droppings. While birds are not infected due to their high body temperatures, they can carry spores on their feathers. Spores become airborne when contaminated material is disturbed and can be inhaled, leading to respiratory infections.
Certain viruses, including Avian Influenza, may persist on feathers. While human infection is rare and typically occurs through close contact with infected birds or contaminated environments, feathers from infected birds can contribute to environmental contamination. Additionally, external parasites like mites and lice can be present on feathers, though these are species-specific and less likely to infest humans. Direct contact with feather dust or dander might trigger allergic reactions.
Legal Status of Found Feathers
The legal status of possessing wild bird feathers varies significantly by region, with many jurisdictions having specific laws to protect bird populations. In the United States, the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA) of 1918 broadly prohibits the possession, sale, purchase, barter, or transport of any parts, including feathers, eggs, and nests, of most native migratory bird species. This federal law covers over 800 species and was enacted to prevent their commercial exploitation. The MBTA applies regardless of how the feather was obtained, making it illegal to keep even naturally molted feathers found on the ground. This strict approach aims to eliminate incentives for poaching, as distinguishing between lawfully found and illegally obtained feathers is difficult.
There are limited exceptions to the MBTA. Feathers from non-native species (e.g., European Starlings, House Sparrows, Rock Pigeons) are generally not protected. Similarly, feathers from domesticated birds like chickens, turkeys, and pet parrots are exempt. Permits may be issued for specific purposes, such as for scientific or educational institutions, or for certain Native American cultural and religious practices.
Other countries also have protective legislation. In Canada, the Migratory Birds Convention Act similarly protects migratory bird species and their parts, with provisions for Indigenous peoples. The United Kingdom generally allows possession of most bird parts, including feathers, without licenses, provided they were found naturally and are not from protected species or birds of prey. However, individuals are responsible for proving lawful acquisition. The challenge for the general public lies in accurately identifying the species of a found feather, which can make determining its legal status difficult.
Responsible Practices for Encountering Feathers
Given health considerations and legal restrictions, the most advisable practice when encountering wild bird feathers is to leave them undisturbed. Allowing feathers to remain in their natural environment supports ecosystem processes, as they decompose and return nutrients to the soil. This approach also ensures compliance with protective wildlife laws.
If a feather must be moved, such as from a pathway, use disposable gloves or an inverted plastic bag to pick it up, avoiding direct skin contact. After handling, wash hands thoroughly with soap and water. If contact involves a dead bird or an area with significant bird droppings, disinfecting shoes and clothing may also be a reasonable precaution.
Should you discover a dead or injured bird, do not handle it yourself. Instead, contact local wildlife rehabilitation centers, animal control services, or state wildlife agencies for guidance. If local authorities instruct disposal of a bird carcass, wearing disposable gloves, double-bagging it, and placing it in regular trash is often recommended.