Bells of Ireland, or Moluccella laevis, is an annual plant popular in the floral industry, particularly for cut flower arrangements. The plant is characterized by tall spikes adorned with vibrant, apple-green, cup-shaped structures. While popular for ornamental qualities, the plant possesses mild toxic properties. Ingestion can lead to mild symptoms, and improper handling may cause a localized reaction in sensitive people or pets.
Identifying Bells of Ireland
This species is recognizable by its bell-shaped calyxes, which are often mistaken for the flowers themselves. The actual flowers are small and white, nestled inside the large, papery green calyxes that grow densely packed along a central, upright stem. The plant can reach heights of two to three feet.
Despite its common name, Moluccella laevis is not native to the Emerald Isle; it originates from western Asia, specifically regions like Turkey, Syria, and the Caucasus. The name “Bells of Ireland” likely refers only to the bright green color of the calyxes.
Understanding the Toxin
The mild toxicity of Bells of Ireland is primarily attributed to saponins, naturally occurring chemical compounds found in various plants. Saponins create a soapy foam when mixed with water and are known to irritate mucous membranes. The entire plant, including the stems and leaves, contains these compounds, usually at a low concentration.
When ingested, saponins cause localized irritation to the gastrointestinal tract in both humans and animals. These compounds work by disrupting cell membranes in the digestive system, triggering a protective response from the body. Scientific analysis has also revealed the presence of flavonoids and essential oils, though saponins are the main components linked to digestive upset.
Symptoms and Safety Measures
Ingestion of Bells of Ireland by humans or pets typically results in mild gastrointestinal upset. Symptoms often include vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. These effects are usually self-limiting and resolve quickly once the irritating plant material is passed from the digestive system.
For pets, the risk is mostly limited to these digestive issues. Contact with the plant material, particularly the sap, can also cause mild skin irritation or dermatitis in sensitive individuals upon handling. This localized reaction is similar to the effect of many plants in the mint family, to which Moluccella laevis belongs.
To ensure safety, wear gloves when handling or arranging Bells of Ireland, especially if you have sensitive skin. Keep bouquets and garden plants out of reach of small children and animals to prevent accidental ingestion. If a small child or pet consumes a piece of the plant, contact a physician, Poison Control center, or a veterinarian immediately for guidance.