Bats are nocturnal mammals, the only ones capable of sustained flight, playing a significant part in various ecosystems worldwide. They control insect populations, with some species consuming thousands of insects, including mosquitoes, in a single night. Bats also pollinate numerous plants, including economically important fruits, and aid in seed dispersal, fostering forest regeneration.
Understanding Bat Behavior
Bats are generally shy and gentle animals, preferring to avoid human contact. Their nocturnal nature means they are most active after dusk, typically emerging from their roosts to hunt. When confronted or feeling threatened, a bat’s primary response is usually to flee rather than to engage in aggressive behavior. Apparent aggression from a bat is almost always a defensive reaction, stemming from fear, injury, illness, or an instinct to protect their young.
Unprovoked aggressive actions from a healthy bat are rare. Bats use echolocation to navigate and locate prey; their rapid, swooping flight patterns, especially indoors, are part of this natural navigation. If a bat appears disoriented or exhibits unusual behavior, it is typically a sign of distress.
Common Reasons for Bat Encounters
Humans primarily encounter bats when they accidentally enter living spaces. Bats can squeeze through surprisingly small openings, like gaps around windows or damaged vents, while seeking shelter or pursuing insects. Once inside, they may become disoriented, flying erratically as they try to find an exit. This behavior is a sign of confusion.
Bats found on the ground or in unusual locations during the daytime are often injured or sick. A sick bat might exhibit abnormal behaviors, such as a reduced fear of humans, struggling to fly, or appearing confused. While a small percentage of bats can carry diseases like rabies, these instances are uncommon. The unusual behavior observed is a symptom of illness.
Safe Interactions with Bats
If a bat is encountered indoors, remain calm and avoid direct contact. Never attempt to handle a bat with bare hands, as even small teeth can puncture skin, and direct contact carries a potential health risk. For a single bat, contain it to one room by closing interior doors. Then, open all windows and exterior doors to provide a clear escape route. Dimming indoor lights can also encourage the bat to fly towards the natural light outside.
If the bat does not leave on its own, or if it is grounded, injured, or behaving unusually, contact a local animal control agency or a wildlife professional. These experts have the necessary equipment and training to safely and humanely remove the animal. In instances where direct contact with a bat has occurred, or a bite is suspected, immediately wash the area with soap and water and seek medical advice about post-exposure prophylaxis.