The abundance of lizards in Florida often leads to questions about their potential danger, specifically whether any are poisonous. Understanding the facts about Florida’s lizard population can help dispel common misconceptions and provide accurate information regarding their safety.
Clarifying Toxicity in Lizards
When discussing the potential harm from animals, it is important to distinguish between “poisonous” and “venomous.” A poisonous animal contains toxins that can harm another organism if ingested or touched. For example, certain frogs are poisonous because their skin secretions are toxic if absorbed. In contrast, a venomous animal actively injects toxins into another organism, typically through a bite or a sting. Snakes, for instance, are venomous because they use fangs to inject venom.
Globally, only a few lizard species are truly venomous, such as the Gila monster and the Mexican beaded lizard, neither of which are found in Florida. While larger invasive lizards in Florida, like Nile monitors and tegus, can carry bacteria in their saliva, they are not venomous. The vast majority of lizards, including those commonly found in Florida, are neither poisonous nor venomous.
Common Florida Lizards
Florida is home to numerous lizard species, both native and introduced, many are harmless to humans. Among the most frequently encountered are anoles, skinks, and geckos. Green anoles, native to Florida, are known for changing color from green to brown and are frequently seen on porches and in gardens. Brown anoles, an invasive species from Cuba and the Bahamas, are now widespread throughout the state and often outcompete green anoles. Both anole species are harmless insectivores.
Skinks, such as the common five-lined skink, are also prevalent in Florida and are identifiable by their smooth, shiny scales. Young skinks often have bright blue tails, which can lead to misconceptions about their danger, but they are not venomous. Geckos, including common house and Mediterranean species, are nocturnal and climb walls using specialized toe pads. These small lizards are not poisonous or venomous and are harmless. While larger invasive species like green iguanas and Argentine black-and-white tegus can deliver a painful bite if provoked, they typically bite only when handled.
Safe Interactions with Lizards
Lizards are generally not aggressive and prefer to avoid human contact. Always observe lizards from a distance and avoid handling them. Most bites from common Florida lizards are minor, similar to a scratch, and are a defensive reaction. Even larger lizards, such as iguanas, typically only bite if provoked or handled improperly.
If a bite occurs, the wound should be thoroughly cleaned with soap and water. Applying an antiseptic ointment can help prevent infection. Monitor the bite for signs of infection, such as increased redness, swelling, or pus. Seek medical attention if the bite is deep, bleeds excessively, or shows signs of infection. Lizards, like all reptiles, can carry Salmonella bacteria, so washing hands thoroughly after any contact with them or their environment is a good practice.