Anthurium, known for its glossy, heart-shaped leaves and vibrant, waxy blooms, is a popular houseplant often called the Flamingo Flower or Laceleaf. Despite its ornamental appeal, Anthurium is toxic if any part is chewed or ingested by humans or pets. The entire plant, including the leaves, stems, and flowers, contains a compound that causes an immediate and unpleasant reaction upon contact, leading to irritation and discomfort.
The Mechanism of Anthurium Toxicity
The toxicity of the Anthurium plant is a direct result of insoluble calcium oxalate crystals present throughout its tissues. These needle-shaped structures are known as raphides, which are the primary irritant. The raphides are housed in specialized cells called idioblasts that line the plant’s surfaces. When the plant tissue is chewed, these cells rupture and explosively eject the sharp, microscopic needles. These tiny crystals then embed themselves into the mucous membranes of the mouth, throat, and gastrointestinal tract, causing immediate pain and irritation that can trigger the release of histamine and contribute to swelling and discomfort.
Recognizing Symptoms in Humans and Pets
The physical reactions to ingesting Anthurium are typically immediate and localized to the mouth and throat area. For humans, contact with the sap or plant material causes an intense, painful burning or stinging sensation in the lips, tongue, and throat. This irritation can quickly lead to swelling of the mouth and tongue, sometimes accompanied by blistering of the mucous membranes. Ingestion can also result in difficulty swallowing, temporary hoarseness in the voice, and general oral pain.
Pets, particularly dogs and cats, display symptoms that reflect this oral irritation. Common signs in animals include excessive drooling, as the body attempts to flush out the irritant. You might also observe a pet pawing at its mouth, indicating oral pain, or a sudden refusal to eat or drink. Vomiting and signs of gastrointestinal upset can occur, and in rare instances, severe swelling of the upper airway may cause difficulty breathing.
Immediate Response and Safe Handling
If a child or adult chews on an Anthurium plant, the initial action should be to thoroughly rinse the mouth with cold water or milk. Milk is sometimes recommended because the calcium content can help precipitate the oxalates in the mouth, potentially reducing pain. After rinsing, contact a poison control center or a physician immediately for guidance, as medical observation may be necessary, especially if swelling is present.
If a pet ingests any part of the plant, contact a veterinarian or a pet poison helpline without delay. Do not try to induce vomiting unless directed by a professional. Instead, focus on monitoring the pet for signs like difficulty breathing or excessive swelling. To prevent future exposure, the most effective measure is to place the Anthurium in a location completely out of reach of children and pets. When pruning or repotting, wear gloves to avoid skin irritation from the sap, and dispose of all clippings promptly and securely.