Florida is recognized for its diverse ecosystems and array of wildlife. It boasts a significant number of lizard species, making it a unique environment for reptile enthusiasts. While many lizards are native, the state is also home to species introduced from other regions. This blend of native and non-native lizards shapes Florida’s ecological landscape.
Native Lizard Species of Florida
Florida’s native lizard species have adapted to the state’s varied natural environments.
The Green Anole (Anolis carolinensis) is common throughout Florida in trees, shrubs, and gardens. These slender lizards (5-8 inches long) can change color from green to brown based on mood or environment, though they are not true chameleons. Males display a prominent red throat pouch, called a dewlap, for territorial displays and attracting mates.
The Florida Scrub Lizard (Sceloporus woodi) is a small, gray or brownish lizard, about 5 inches long. They prefer dry upland habitats like scrub, sandhill, and scrubby flatwoods with open, sunny spots and bare sand. They forage on the ground or perch on logs, primarily consuming insects, spiders, and other small arthropods.
The Six-Lined Racerunner (Aspidoscelis sexlineatus), also native to Florida, is known for its speed, reaching up to 18 mph. This brown species, with six yellow stripes, thrives in dry habitats like coastal dunes, grasslands, and woodlands. They are diurnal and insectivorous, hunting beetles, caterpillars, and grasshoppers.
Non-Native and Invasive Lizards
Florida’s warm climate and numerous international entry points have made it susceptible to the establishment of non-native lizard species.
The Brown Anole (Anolis sagrei), native to the Caribbean, is the most common non-native lizard in Florida. They were first introduced to Key West in the late 1800s, likely as accidental stowaways on cargo ships. These light brown lizards, with patterns on their backs, are often found on the ground or in low vegetation, unlike native green anoles.
Green Iguanas (Iguana iguana), from Central and South America, are another significant non-native population. Their presence in Florida, first reported in the 1960s, largely stems from the pet trade, with escapes and intentional releases contributing to their spread. These large, often bright green lizards can grow up to 6 feet long and weigh up to 17 pounds, adapting well to Florida’s tropical conditions.
Argentine Black and White Tegus (Salvator merianae) are a growing concern, with established breeding populations in several Florida counties. These large, omnivorous lizards, reaching nearly five feet, were introduced through the pet trade. They have distinctive black and white coloration and a varied diet, including plants, insects, and small animals.
Ecological Impact of Introduced Lizards
Non-native lizards in Florida have various ecological consequences for native wildlife and ecosystems.
Brown Anoles compete with native Green Anoles for food and habitat. This competition often forces Green Anoles to higher perches, altering their behavior and potentially limiting resources. Brown Anoles also prey on the eggs and young of native Green Anoles, further impacting their populations.
Green Iguanas, primarily herbivores, consume plants, flowers, and fruits, damaging native vegetation and landscaping. They also compete with native wildlife for food and habitat, disrupting local ecosystems. Iguanas may prey on the eggs and young of native birds and reptiles, including tree snails. Their burrowing habits can undermine sidewalks, seawalls, and foundations.
Argentine Black and White Tegus pose a threat due to their omnivorous diet and adaptability. They consume the eggs of ground-nesting reptiles and birds, including American alligators, sea turtles, and burrowing owls. Tegus also eat gopher tortoise hatchlings, impacting protected species. Their spread into sensitive natural areas, such as the Everglades, presents a risk to Florida’s biodiversity.